微孔碳陶瓷化反应机理的研究

研究了微孔碳制备SiC陶瓷的反应过程及反应机理.SiC陶瓷的最终组织受C/Si质量比及渗硅时间的影响.较低C/Si质量比时试样中心未被硅化,较高C/Si质量比时制得由SiC、Si及极少量未反应C组成的复相陶瓷.随渗硅时间延长,复相陶瓷中SiC颗粒的形状由长条状向无规则状转变,颗粒分布则由局部有序向无序转变.反应过程为：液硅因毛细作用自发的渗入微孔碳孔道,同时与溶解的碳壁发生反应生成SiC.因孔道及碳壁尺寸的不同造成液硅渗入深度和碳壁被溶解厚度的差异,结果出现被SiC包裹的小颗粒碳.随后被包裹的碳通过SiC层扩散到液硅中,沉积在先形成的SiC上促使大量先形成SiC的合并以及部分硅被SiC包裹,进而改变SiC陶瓷的显微组织.     

树脂基复合材料浸润技术研究

影响复合材料性能很重要的一个因素是复合材料基体和增强体之间所形成的界面层状态,浸润性是影响界面的重要因素。本文从渗透力、吸附、低粘度、加热、真空、超声方面,探讨改善复合材料浸润性的技术和方法。     

Kinetics and mechanism of para-chlorophenol photoconversion with the presence of nitrite in ice

The photochemistry of para-chlorophenol (4-CP) under UV irradiation by using a 125-W high-pressure mercury lamp as light source with the presence of nitrite in a solid water ice matrix had been studied. The experiments were carried out in a photochemical cold chamber reactor at −14 to −12 °C. Each influence factor of the 4-CP photoconversion kinetics in the water ice was inspected. The results show that the 4-CP photoconversion obeys the first-order kinetics model and the initial concentration of 4-CP, the initial concentration of nitrite, pH value, light intensity, inorganic ions and the water quality all have significant influence on the photoconversion rate. In addition, nine intermediate products were characterized by GC–MS, HPLC–ESI-MS and HPLC techniques and the possible photoconversion mechanism was proposed accordingly. It is concluded that the mechanism and photoproducts of 4-CP photolysis in ice are changed due to the presence of NO₂⁻.     

多孔氮化硅/碳化硅复合材料制备的反应机理分析

为了探索碳热还原法制备多孔氮化硅/碳化硅(Si₃N₄/SiC)复合陶瓷材料在高温阶段的反应机理,采用固化的酚醛树脂为碳源,通过热解产生具有反应性的碳,使之在1300-1780℃等不同温度下与表面包裹的氮化硅粉反应,氩气为保护气氛.通过对试样的XRD、TEM分析和显微结构观察,结合反应的热力学和动力学结果计算推测,树脂裂解碳与Si₃N₄反应生成SiC的机理主要为Si₃N₄分解生成Si(l)与C进一步发生的液-固反应,和Si(l)与反应过程中的中间产物CO(g)之间发生的液-气反应.其他还包括C与Si₃N₄间直接进行的固-固反应;C与Si₃N₄表面的SiO₂间的气-固反应以及由SiO(g)、Si(g)参与的气-固反应.树脂裂解碳与Si₃N₄从1400℃左右开始发生反应形成SiC,温度升高对SiC层的生长有促进,保温时间的延长对SiC层的生长厚度影响较大.     

基于区块链技术的普洱茶贮藏安全监管探讨

普洱茶陈化过程可促进普洱茶陈香物质、醇化品质、生物活性成分的形成,当贮藏技术控制不当时,会导致有害微生物的滋生并可产生一些危害衍生物,可引起普洱茶安全性及饮用风险的发生。贮藏技术的变革既为普洱茶带来了发展机遇,也不可避免地引发了新的挑战。随着国家智能信息技术不断落实推进,所有行业都面临着数字化升级,实现陈化普洱茶安全区块链云服务,建立广泛的信任交互关系是未来普洱茶安全监管基于区块链技术建设的重要研究方向。本文探讨了基于区块链技术的陈化普洱茶安全监管建设,为提升普洱茶科学贮藏技术及提高普洱茶陈化安全监管,实现陈化普洱茶品质优化及可追溯提供理论参考。     

凝胶注模工艺制备高强度多孔氮化硅陶瓷

采用凝胶注模成型工艺,成功地制备了具有高强度、结构比较均匀并有较高气孔率的氮化硅多孔陶瓷。本文研究了制得的多孔氮化硅的力学性能和微观结构,并讨论了获得高性能的原因。结果表明,采用适当的成型条件可制备出结构均匀、强度高、加工性能优良的坯体,烧成的多孔氮化硅陶瓷强度均>150MPa,气孔率>50％。SEM照片显示气孔是由长柱状β-Si3N4晶搭接而成的。均匀的气孔分布和柱晶结构是获得高性能的主要原因。     

Major nutrient balances in small-scale vegetable farming systems in peri-urban areas in China

Balances of major nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in small-scale farming systems are of critical importance to nutrient management and sustainable agricultural development. Mass balances of N, P, and K and some of their influencing factors were studied for two years from July 2003 to July 2005 on small-scale vegetable-farming systems in two contrasting peri-urban areas (Nanjing and Wuxi) of the Yangtze river delta region of China. This balance approach considered organic fertilizer inputs (cow manure, pig manure, and human biosolids), inorganic fertilizer inputs (urea, composite fertilizer, and phosphates), irrigation water, and atmospheric deposition; and considered outputs by vegetables. Input via organic fertilizers was significant for all element balances in the Nanjing area. Inorganic and organic fertilizer, particularly inorganic fertilizer, contributed major nutrient inputs to the system in the Wuxi area. Compared with nutrient output by vegetables, there were significant surpluses of N and P on two vegetable farm systems. Furthermore, N surplus in the Nanjing area was higher than that in the Wuxi area with an inverse relationship to P surplus. In contrast, the general trend of K balances was negative on both sites; hence, the nutrient use efficiency was significantly lower for N and P than K. The nutrient imbalance may be attributed to the differences between fertilizer types and management modes driven by social economic status differences among farmer households. The large N and P net excess creates an environmental threat because of potential losses to ground or surface waters, whereas negative K balance creates soil fertility risks. The results highlight researchers’ and farmers’ need to develop rational fertilization technology to optimize nutrient management on vegetable farmlands to promote sustainable agricultural development in peri-urban areas.     

自适应序列生成的建筑能耗预测

提出一种基于强化学习的生成对抗网络(Reinforcement learning-based Generative Adversarial Networks,Re-GAN)能耗预测方法.该算法将强化学习与生成对抗网络相结合,将GAN(Generative Adversarial Nets)中的生成器以及判别器分别构建为强化学习中Agent(生成器)以及奖赏函数.在训练过程中,将当前的真实能耗序列作为Agent的输入状态,构建一组固定长度的生成序列,结合判别器及蒙特卡洛搜索方法进一步构建当前序列的奖赏函数,并以此作为真实样本序列后续第一个能耗值的奖赏.在此基础之上,构建关于奖赏的目标函数,并求解最优参数.最后使用所提算法对唐宁街综合大楼公开的建筑能耗数据进行预测试验,实验结果表明,所提算法比多层感知机、门控循环神经网络和卷积神经网络具有更高的预测精度.     

Dynamic Compressive Property of Closed-Cell Mg Alloy Composite Foams Reinforced with SiC Particles

The high-strain-rate mechanical response of Mg alloy/SiC_p composite foams has received increased attention in recent years due to their light weight and potential to absorb large amounts of energy during deformation. Dynamic compressive properties of closed-cell Mg alloy/SiC_p composite foams with diff erent relative densities(0.162, 0.227 and 0.351) and diff erent SiC_p additions(0, 4 and 8 wt%) have been investigated using Split-Hopkinson pressure bar. It is shown that peak stress and energy absorption capacity signifi cantly increase as the relative density increases at the range of testing strain rates. Peak stress and energy absorption display strain rate dependence. The peak stress of specimens with 0 wt% and 4 wt% SiC particles additions grows with increasing strain rate. Meanwhile, the increment in the peak stress of specimens with 8 wt% addition is not signifi cant with strain rate increasing. The increase in strain rate increases the energy absorption capacity. The suitable amount of SiC particles addition has great advantages over increasing the peak stress and energy absorption capacity at the high strain rate. The strain-rate-sensitive matrix, cell morphology, morphological defects and gas pressure have an impact on the strain-rate sensitivity of Mg alloy/SiC_p composite foams.     

麦秸秆纤维素与丙烯酸接枝共聚制备耐盐性吸水树脂的研究

应用小麦秸秆与丙烯酸接枝共聚制备了耐盐性吸水树脂,进行了结构表征,研究了单体配比、丙烯酸中和度、引发剂和交联剂用量以及反应温度对吸盐水倍率的影响。研究发现,接枝共聚的适宜条件为:丙烯酸单体与麦秸秆质量比为8∶1,丙烯酸中和度为70%,引发剂过硫酸钾-硫代硫酸钠的用量为单体的3.5%,交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺用量为单体质量的0.24%,反应温度为70℃。在此条件下制备的树脂吸盐水倍率最高,吸盐水(CNaC l=0.9%)可达68 g/g,可应用于医疗卫生等方面。