不用蒸出氨的凯氏定氮法

用凯氏定氮法测定有机物中含氮量,过去是将有机氮破坏,转变为铵盐,加苛性碱将氨蒸出,用标准酸吸收,再用标准碱回滴。此法手续麻烦,造成误差机会也多。Кейк等用标准次溴酸在碱性溶液中破坏有机物不需蒸出氨,但结果偏高,现在介绍用硒为分解有机物的催化剂,并且不用蒸出法来测定氮。试剂:～8N NaOH溶液530毫升15N NaOH(不含碳酸盐)溶液用水稀释至1升,装在聚乙烯树脂所制的瓶中,上装碱石灰乾燥管。0.2N NaOH溶液25毫升8N NaOH溶液用水稀释至1升,用标准邻苯二酸标定,保存在聚乙烯树脂所制的瓶中,装碱石灰乾燥管。18%中性甲醛溶液100毫升35—38%甲醛溶液,用等量水稀释,加入2滴酚酞,以0.1N NaOH中和至淡红     

Interaction between dietary protein and fat in triglyceride metabolism in the rat: Effects of soy protein and menhaden oil

The objective of the present study was to determine the mechanisms by which dietary proteins interact with dietary lipids in the regulation of triglyceridemia in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=56) were subjected to 28-d experimental diets containing different combinations of proteins (20% w/w) and lipid sources (14% w/w): (i) casein-menhaden oil, (ii) casein-beef tallow, (iii) soy protein-menhaden oil, and (iv) soy protein-beef tallow. Significant protein-lipid interactions were observed on triglyceridemia and hepatic cholesterol in fasted rats. The combination of casein and beef tallow was associated with high plasma TG and hepatic cholesterol concentrations, which were reduced by substitution either of soy for casein or of menhaden oil for beef tallow. Therefore, triglyceridemia and liver cholesterol remained low with soy protein feeding, independently of the lipid source, as well as with menhaden oil feeding, regardless of the protein source. The menhaden oil diets reduced plasma cholesterol, hepatic TG, and TG secretion compared with beef tallow diets independently of the dietary protein source. Modifying the source of dietary proteins and lipids had no effect on post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity. These results demonstrate that soy protein can lower rat triglyceridemia relative to casein when associated with beef tallow consumption, whereas menhaden oil can attenuate hypertriglyceridemia when rats are fed casein. The data further suggest that part of the hypotriglyceridemic effect of soy protein in the rat may be mediated by reduced hepatic lipid synthesis, as is the case for menhaden oil.     

Nonlinear behavior of concrete beams with hybrid FRP and stainless steel reinforcements

The full-range behavior of partially bonded, together with partially prestressed concrete beams containing fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tendons and stainless steel reinforcing bars was simulated using a simplified theoretical model. The model assumes that a section in the beam has a trilinear moment—curvature relationship characterized by three particular points, initial cracking of concrete, yielding of non-prestressed steel, and crushing of concrete or rupturing of prestressing tendons. Predictions from the model were compared with the limited available test data, and a reasonable agreement was obtained. A detailed parametric study of the behavior of the prestressed concrete beams with hybrid FRP and stainless steel reinforcements was conducted. It can be concluded that the deformability of the beam can be enhanced by increasing the ultimate compressive strain of concrete, unbonded length of tendon, percentage of compressive reinforcement and partial prestress ratio, and decreasing the effective prestress in tendons, and increasing in ultimate compressive strain of concrete is the most efficient one. The deformability of the beam is almost directly proportional to the concrete ultimate strain provided the failure mode is concrete crushing, even though the concrete ultimate strain has less influence on the load-carrying capacity. Foundation item: Project (50478502) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

废橡胶超声波脱硫新技术

已开发出一种获得专利的废橡胶脱硫新工艺和几种反应装置。这一技术以使用高能超声波为基础，一定频率的超声波在一定压力和温度条件下迅速地破坏硫化橡胶的三维网络。脱硫胶几乎和新胶一样能够重新加工、定型和硫化。第一个实验脱硫装置已由ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＦｅｅｄｓｃｒｅｗａｎｄＭａｃｈｉｎｉｎｇ（ＮＦＭ）公司扩大至中试水平。本研究采用ＳＢＲ和废轮胎胶粉（ＧＲＴ）进行了多种脱硫试验，对不同工艺条件下脱硫橡胶的硫化性能、流变性能、结构特性以及脱硫胶试样的物理性能进行了研究，讨论了一种可能的脱硫机理。完成的测试表明，在超声波作用下，硫化橡胶只是部分脱硫，而且在脱硫过程中伴随一些大分子链的降解，尽管如此，在实验确定的工艺条件下获得的脱硫胶还是能保持良好的机械性能。进一步的工作是寻找最佳脱硫工艺条件和提高该工艺只破坏化学交联网络的针对性。     

用buprofezin和其他昆虫生长调节剂防治棉田害虫

苯甲酰苯基脲类化合物杀虫活性的发现揭示了化学防治公害的新途径.第一个商品化的化合物除虫脲能干扰昆虫蜕皮过程,因而作为昆虫生长调节剂使用.其主要作用方式为摄入,对某些昆虫也可通过触杀而起作用.其部分活性似乎与对于几丁质形成的生物化学过程的抑制作用有关.对于更有前途的酰脲化合物的探索工作得到了三个对农业害虫较除虫脲有更高活性的新型化合物:石原公司的chlorfluazuron、Calemerck公司的teflubenzuron     

INTERFACIAL EQUILIBRIUM IN Cu:Cu-Al DIFFUSION COUPLES

用“双套管法”淬火测定Cu:Cu-Al扩散偶中的相平衡,由于该法具有较快的冷却速度,保证了α/β相界面处于局部平衡.传统的淬火方法冷速通常是不够快的,不足以抑制β相的分解.较慢的冷却使界面形貌发生改变;测出的界面浓度是较低温度下的数值.有理由相信,Eifert等实验得到的各温度下都远较平衡浓度为高的α/β相界浓度,是由于实验过程中较慢的冷速所导致.     

Computer Simulation of the Process of Quenching Large-Size Parts in Water and Aqueous Solutions

DESPITE of the rapid development of computerfacilities and numerical methods of computing thestress-strain state of large-size parts,the accuracy ofcomputations is not sufficient because of the lack ofaccurate input data.For this reason,heat treatingengineers do not trust computations and are afraid ofquenching of large-size parts in water,in particular,when Bi—>°°.There are some causes of suchsituation:1)Because of inaccurate boundary conditions andincomplete information on mechanical p…     

匈牙利铝工业简况

尽管世界市场形势不妙,但匈牙利铝工业仍充满信心。目前,投资接近完成,研制成果即将付诸实施。这必将增强匈牙利铝工业在质量和成本方面的竞争能力。匈牙利铝业公司的产品,一半出口。为了利用直接