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111.
112.
Remigiusz Sapa 《Scientometrics》2007,71(3):473-493
This article reports findings from the study of the international contribution to the system of library and information science
communication in Poland in the years 2003–2005. The sample consists of articles published both in selected journals and collective
works. Two important dimensions determining the internationalization of local scholarly communication are considered: direct
contribution (foreign authors’ articles and papers and their translations published in Poland) and indirect contribution (citedness
of foreign authors’ documents in articles and papers published in Poland). Bibliographic data about the geographical distribution
and affiliation of foreign authors are gathered and analyzed. Furthermore, the findings of citation analysis are presented
to determine the percentage share of citations received by foreign documents as well as to find out what is the structure
of such citations regarding the language and form, which thematic areas are most replete with such citations and which foreign
journals are most cited in Poland. 相似文献
113.
Joachim Schummer 《Scientometrics》2007,70(3):669-692
Based on bibliometric methods, this paper describes the global institutionalization of nanotechnology research from the mid-1980s
to 2006. Owing to an extremely strong dynamics, the institutionalization of nanotechnology is likely to surpass those of major
disciplines in only a few years. A breakdown of the relative institutionalizations strengths by the main geographical regions,
countries, research sectors, disciplines, and institutional types provides a very diverse picture over the time period because
of different national science policies. The results allow a critical assessment of the different science policies based on
the relative institutionalizations strengths as well as the conclusion that the institutionalization process has run out of
control of individual governments who once induced the development. 相似文献
114.
The frequencies of multinational papers in various sciences 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Helmut A. Abt 《Scientometrics》2007,72(1):105-115
Multinational papers are defined here as ones written by authors who reside in different countries during the course of research.
For each of 16 fields of science, I scanned the first 200 papers in 2005 in four major journals publishing original research
papers. Those journals produced 40% of all the citations among those journals with Impact Factors greater than 1.0. The frequencies
of multinational papers ranged from 13% in surgery to 55% in astronomy. Although one can list a dozen factors which might
contribute toward multinational papers, I lack the data to test most of those. There are only minor correlations with team
sizes and Impact Factors, inadequate to explain the range. There is a larger, but not convincing, dependence upon the fractions
of single-author papers and its cause, if real, is unclear. However, the most prominent factor seems to be the nature of the
objects studied; if they are usually local (e.g. in one hospital or in one laboratory), the papers tend to be domestic but
if most of the objects are available simultaneously to scientists in many countries (e.g. the sky in astronomy or the oceans
and the Earth’s atmosphere in geosciences or widespread diseases in the area of infectious diseases or plants and animals
widely distributed in biology), the papers are often international. Auxiliary results for 2005 are an average of 5.5 ± 0.3
authors per paper and 6.6 ± 1.0% one-author papers. 相似文献
115.
Innovative activities are fundamental to the competitiveness strategies of the firms in a globalized market. Their assessment,
using indicators such as those utilized in the Community Innovation Survey (CIS), shows significant sectoral dispersion. Traditional
industries are in a weak position because the innovation they are involved in is mainly aesthetic, which is not really addressed
in innovation surveys. In this work, we review the various criticisms levelled at existing indicators and propose some new
indicators that would capture the types of innovations that are conducted by the traditional industries. This work is based
on a study of the features of traditional industries and the concept of aesthetic novelty. The proposed indicators are tested
in the Spanish footwear industry. 相似文献
116.
Martin Meyer 《Scientometrics》2007,70(3):779-810
This contribution formulates a number of propositions about the emergence of novel nanoscience and nanotechnology (N&N). Seeking
to complement recent work that aims to define a research agenda and draws on general insights from the innovation literature,
this paper aims to synthesize knowledge from innovation-related studies of the N&N field. More specifically, it is suggested
that N&N is often misconstrued as either a field of technology or an area of (broadly) converging technologies while evidence
to date suggests rather that N&N be considered a set of inter-related and overlapping about not necessarily merging technologies.
The role of instrumentation in connecting the various N&N fields is underlined. Finally, the question is raised whether change
in N&N tends to be incremental rather than discontinuous, being the result of technological path-dependencies and lock-ins
in industry-typical search regimes that are only slowly giving way to more boundary-crossing activities. 相似文献
117.
Grant Lewison 《Scientometrics》2007,72(3):439-458
This paper describes an analysis of coverage of the risks from agricultural and food genetically-modified organisms (GMOs)
from April 2002 to April 2004 in 14 news media from six countries (Canada, France, Germany, Spain, the UK and the USA) which
was conducted as part of a review for the European Commission of the management of risk communication. A total of 597 relevant
news articles were found and coded for their presentational tone, the types of risk (environmental, financial, health and
political, in that order), the organisms described (mainly maize, rape and beet crops), and the documents, people and organisations
cited. UK news media tended to be the most “scary” and Spanish ones the most “robust”. Articles quoting public perceptions,
non-governmental environmental organisations and politicians tended to emphasize the risks of GMOs; those quoting scientists
tended to downplay the risks and describe their potential benefits. Some suggestions for possible action by the European Commission
are put forward, such as the facilitation of contact between journalists and scientists, but it is recognized that for some
newspapers, their editorial wish to campaign will inevitably over-ride their reporters’ wish to present the truth. 相似文献
118.
An evaluation of the Spanish CSIC performance in Biotechnology, as compared with those of the French CNRS and the Italian
CNR, has been carried out to determine the balance between the generation of scientific knowledge and the transfer of technology.
This study shows a high scientific productivity mostly in journals with moderate impact factor, a low generation of patents
and an insufficient transfer of knowledge to the Spanish companies. Other indicators confirm the existence of competitive
human resources in biotechnological research producing scientific knowledge of interest for the development of patents and
that cooperates successfully at European level. 相似文献
119.
This study examined why Websites were co-linked using Canadian university Websites as the test set. Pages that co-linked to
these university Websites were located using Yahool. A random sample of 859 co-linking pages (the page that initiated the
co-link) was retrieved and the contents of the page, as well as the context of the link, were manually examined to record
the following variables: language, country, type of Website, and the reasons for co-linking. The study found that in over
94% of cases, the two co-linked universities were related academically; many of these cases (38%) showed a relationship specifically
in teaching or research. This confirms results, from previous quantitative studies, that Web co-links can be a measure of
the similarity or relatedness of sites being co-linked and that Web co-link analysis can thus be used to study relationships
among linked Websites. 相似文献
120.
As in today’s knowledge society the Internet is playing an important role in the information literacy of university students
the goal of this paper is to analyse, after its first year on the Web, the informational impact of an e-learning resource
developed by Granada’s University lecturers (the e-COMS educational portal), a pioneer in Spain for training in information
literacy. From the objective and subjective data provided by the own portal and by it users, two different and complementary
kinds of analysis (functional and users’) are performed. Assessment of various capabilities, among which visibility and usability
stand out, is provided. The highly positive but improvable results offer a detailed analysis of the functional aspects of
the portal itself and of the users’ relations with this information resource. From these analyses strengths and weaknesses
are extracted and some proposals for improvement are derived. 相似文献