Characterization of CuAlO2 films prepared by dc reactive magnetron sputtering

Thin films of copper aluminum oxide (CuAlO₂) were prepared on glass substrates by dc magnetron sputtering at a substrate temperature of 523 K under various oxygen partial pressures in the range 1 × 10⁻⁴–3 × 10⁻³ mbar. The dependence of cathode potential on the oxygen partial pressure was explained in terms of oxidation of the sputtering target. The influence of oxygen partial pressure on the structural, electrical and optical properties was systematically studied. p-Type CuAlO₂ films with polycrystalline nature, electrical resistivity of 3.1 Ω cm, Hall mobility of 13.1 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and optical band gap of 3.54 eV were obtained at an oxygen partial pressure of 6 × 10⁻⁴ mbar.     

Thermal, mechanical and vibration characteristics of epoxy-clay nanocomposites

Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy resin system filled individually with organoclay (OC) and unmodified clay (UC) were synthesized by mechanical shear mixing with the addition of diamino-diphenylmethane (DDM) hardener. The unmodified clay used was Na⁺-Montmorillonite (MMT) and the organoclay was alkyl ammonium treated MMT clay. The reinforcement effect of OC and UC in the epoxy polymer on thermal, mechanical and vibration properties were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the structure and morphology of nanocomposites. Curing study shows that the addition of OC in epoxy resin aids the polymerization by catalytic effect, and UC addition does not show any effect in the curing behavior of epoxy polymer. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) shows enhanced thermal stability for epoxy with OC fillers than that of epoxy with UC fillers. The epoxy with OC fillers shows considerable improvement on tensile and impact properties over pure epoxy polymer and epoxy with UC fillers. The improvement in tensile and impact properties of nanocomposites is supported with the fracture surface studies. Epoxy with OC fillers shows enhanced vibration characteristics than that of the pure epoxy polymer and epoxy with UC fillers.     

Enablers That Help Foreign Architectural, Engineering, and Construction Firms Win Construction Contracts in China

With China’s fast economic growth and entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), more foreign architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) firms are expected to venture into this huge and attractive market. This paper explores the important strategies to help foreign AEC firms clinch construction projects in China. Using a questionnaire survey approach complemented by in-depth interviews, it was found that firms need to pay more attention to the market and working conditions in China and to strengthen their own capabilities. To win projects in China, foreign AEC firms should also be able to offer project financing services. The findings are useful to foreign AEC firms because it may help them win projects in the Chinese construction industry.     

Video arrays for real-time tracking of person,head, and face in an intelligent room

Real-time three-dimensional tracking of people is an important requirement for a growing number of applications. In this paper we describe two trackers; both of them use a network of video cameras for person tracking. These trackers are called a rectilinear video array tracker (R-VAT) and an omnidirectional video array tracker (O-VAT), indicating the two different ways of video capture. The specific objectives of this paper are twofold: (i) to present a systematic comparison of these two trackers using an extensive series of experiments conducted in an `intelligent' room; (ii) to develop a real-time system for tracking the head and face of a person, as an extension of the O-VAT approach. The comparative research indicates that O-VAT is more robust to the number of people, less complex and runs faster, needs manual camera calibration, and the integrated omnidirectional video network has better reconfigurability. The person head and face tracker study shows that such a system can serve as a most effective input stage for face recognition and facial expression analysis modules.     

Controller design and performance evaluation for deadlock avoidance in automated flexible manufacturing cells

In this paper, the design of a deadlock avoidance controller is described. The uncontrolled system is modeled using colored Petri nets. The system controller is based on a restrictive (not maximally permissive) deadlock avoidance policy to resolve deadlocks and control the real-time resource allocation decisions in the system. Performance evaluation of systems controlled by not maximally permissive algorithms is essential in determining the applicability and effectiveness of the control algorithms. The performance of the controlled system is compared with performance of optimal control policies to quantify the effects of the restrictiveness of the deadlock avoidance policy on system performance.     

Editorial

Machine Vision and Applications -     

A Scalable Asynchronous Cache Consistency Scheme (SACCS) for mobile environments

In the literature, there exit two types of cache consistency maintenance algorithms for mobile computing environments: stateless and stateful. In a stateless approach, the server is unaware of the cache contents at a mobile user (MU). Even though stateless approaches employ simple database management schemes, they lack scalability and ability to support user disconnectedness and mobility. On the other hand, a stateful approach is scalable for large database systems at the cost of nontrivial overhead due to server database management. We propose a novel algorithm, called Scalable Asynchronous Cache Consistency Scheme (SACCS), which inherits the positive features of both stateless and stateful approaches. SACCS provides a weak cache consistency for unreliable communication (e.g., wireless mobile) environments with small stale cache hit probability. It is also a highly scalable algorithm with minimum database management overhead. The properties are accomplished through the use of flag bits at the server cache (SC) and MU cache (MUC), an identifier (ID) in MUC for each entry after its invalidation, and estimated time-to-live (TTL) for each cached entry, as well as rendering of all valid entries of MUC to uncertain state when an MU wakes up. The stale cache hit probability is analyzed and also simulated under the Rayleigh fading model of error-prone wireless channels. Comprehensive simulation results show that the performance of SACCS is superior to those of other existing stateful and stateless algorithms in both single and multicell mobile environments.     

Surface behaviour of as-Cast Al–Fe intermetallic composites

In order to produce energy-efficient material for tribological applications, Al–Fe inter-metallic composites have been produced by liquid metallurgy route. Iron content of the composites varies from 1.67 to 11.2 wt.%. These composites have been tested for their wear properties at different parameters. Debris and wear tracks have been studied in detail to see the surface effects during dry sliding and have been correlated to wear properties. Observations show that low loads and sliding velocities are dominated by oxidative debris and largely covered wear track surface with smooth oxide layer is observed. Whereas metallic debris dominates at higher loads and sliding velocities and highly deformed wear track surface with deep grooves and gross delamination were observed. Further, wear rate is seen to increase continuously with load whereas with sliding velocity it attains a minima after initial decrease and then increases continuously. Low solubility of iron supports the formation of FeAl₃ and an increase in hardness from 95 to 179 VHN continuously improves the wear resistance with increase in percentage iron.     

寒地大学校园环境要素与冬季体力活动相关性

为探究促进冬季体力活动的寒地大学校园环境设计依据,基于循证设计理论和社会生态学模型在中国东北地区9座大学校园年内进行了问卷调查,用实证方法探究了寒地大学校园的建成、气候及感知环境要素对学生冬季体力活动频率和水平的影响.通过描述性统计横向对比了学生冬季与非冬季月份的体力活动模式及各个校园的主观评价得分;并通过多重线性回归分析探求了校园环境要素对冬季体力活动的影响.统计结果表明:学生在冬季月份进行体力活动的频率和总量低于非冬季月份;校园冬季环境质量低于非冬季月份,且设施防寒、步行可达性、交通安全性、冬季活动安全性得分较低;在冬季,目的地多样性、公共交通选择多样性、道路交通网络连通性、步行道路环境品质、辅助设施存在性、犯罪安全性与交通性体力活动正相关,冰雪危害和空气污染与交通性体力活动负相关;校园环境与冬季休闲性活动无相关关系.利用上述数据可以初步推测促进体力活动的寒地大学校园环境设计倾向并对各个环境要素的重要程度进行评级,重要程度较高的要素是校内目的地、步行道路、犯罪安全性、步行辅助设施和校园公共交通服务.     

A review on solar still: a simple desalination technology to obtain potable water

Present review paper presents an overall summarised presentational view of the research work to be discussed on the solar still. The current review paper also includes the infused crisis and struggle for obtaining fresh water for drinking purpose and consumption for other household activities which are a result of the ecological imbalance that has prevailed and is in continuation for past many centuries. It also shows the various tested and applied techniques for freshwater production and their suitability in the usability context in the present scenario of the scarcity of clean water. The use of solar desalination technology is discussed elaborately for a broader consumption to be employed in the current and future works.