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21.
Umaid Singh Ramamurthi Jambunathan 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1980,31(3):247-254
Protein content in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was determined by the following rapid procedures: (a) colorimetric estimation of ammonia with phenol-hypochlorite reagents using the Technicon auto-analyzer (TAA) method, (b) dye-binding capacity (DBC) method using acid orange-12 dye, and (c) modified biuret methods of Pinckney (B1) and Johnson and Craney (B2). Results obtained with the above procedures were compared statistically with the standard microKjeldahl (MKJ) procedure. Correlation of MKJ protein values with TAA, DBC, B1 and B2 methods were 0.99, 0.98, 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. Standard errors of estimation obtained by methods B1 (0.99) and B2 (0.95) were high when compared to the TAA (0.55) and DBC (0.69) methods. Possible interference of seed-coat pigments, effect of flour particle size, and time of shaking on protein estimation by the DBC and B1 methods were also studied. Implications of these results are discussed with reference to adapting any of these rapid methods as a routine screening procedure for the estimation of protein in large numbers of chickpea samples in a breeding programme. 相似文献
22.
Chemical composition and protein quality of newly released groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L ) cultivars
Ramamurthi Jambunathan Santosh Gurtu Kooram Raghunath Seetha Kannan Rudravarapu Sridhar Sangam L Dwivedi Shyam N Nigam 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1992,59(2):161-167
Five groundnut (Aruchis hypogueu L) cultivars developed by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and two local cultivars as controls were grown in post-rainy and rainy seasons at Patancheru, India. They were analysed for their proximate composition, minerals and trace elements, amino acid composition, true protein digestibility (TD), biological value (BV), net protein utilisation (NPU), and protein efficiency ratio. One-hundred seed mass, protein content and TD were significantly higher in the post-rainy season while starch, sugars, BV and NPU were significantly higher in the rainy season. Post-rainy cultivars exhibited higher concentrations of potassium, calcium, iron and several essential and non-essential amino acids. TD of blanched groundnut was better than that of the whole seeds. The composition and protein quality of ICRISAT cultivars were comparable to those of the controls. 相似文献
23.
Computer predictions are presented for the decay of the outer surface temperature along a cylindrical pipe through which previously heated oil flows. These have been corroborated by experimental observations. 相似文献
24.
Dasgupta PK Genfa Z Li J Boring CB Jambunathan S Al-Horr R 《Analytical chemistry》1999,71(7):1400-1407
A new fluoropolymer tube is proposed as the basis of a novel class of liquid core waveguide-based luminescence detectors. Both chemiluminescence and photoluminescence detectors are possible. In the latter case, illumination is transverse to the main axis of the tube. With such a geometry, it is even possible to operate without monochromators, although limits of detection do improve with the incorporation of monochromators. The nature of the design is such that it is particularly simple to fabricate detectors in a flow-through configuration and where the light from the cell is coupled to a photodetector by an optical fiber. No focusing optics are necessary. A number of applications are illustrated. Attainable limits (LODs, S/N = 3) of detection include 150 pM fluorescein with a 254-nm excitation source, 200 amol of fluorescein in a capillary electrophoresis setup with excitation by two blue light-emitting diodes, 35 nM NH(3) as the isoindole derivative in a flow injection analysis system using a photodiode detector, 50 nM methylene blue and 1 nM Rhodamine 560 using respectively red and green LED arrays and an avalanche photodiode and a PMT in a FIA configuration, 100 parts per trillion by volume gaseous formaldehyde as the Hantzsch reaction product with cyclohexanedione using a diffusion scrubber, 2.7 μM and 17 nM hypochlorite based on its chemiluminescence reaction with luminol with photodiode and PMT detectors, respectively, and 1 ppm SO(4)(2)(-) based on nephelometric detection at 470 nm. The approach described herein leads to particularly simple and inexpensive luminescence detectors with excellent sensitivity. 相似文献
25.
Vaidyanathan Subramanian Daita S Murty Neppalli Sambasiva Rao Ramamurthi Jambunathan 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1992,58(1):35-40
Grain samples from nine sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) cultivars were germinated for 16, 48, 96 and 144 h, and changes in their diastatic activity, protein, starch, soluble sugars, tannin and total phenols contents were studied. The diastatic activity increased up to 96 h of germination and decreased at 144 h. Diastatic activity showed significant variation among cultivars, which ranged from 10.0 to 88.3 units at 48 h and from 20.0 to 150.4 units at 96 h germination. In general, starch content decreased while soluble sugars increased during germination. Variation in protein content during germination was appreciable among the cultivars. 相似文献
26.
The almost two-dimensional steady-state rates of heat loss from arrays of uniformly-spaced vertical rectangular fins, extending upwards—in otherwise stagnant air—from horizontal heated bases, have been measured. (The vertical air gaps between the fins were closed at their sides, by insulated vertical end-barriers.) The effects of various combinations of height, thickness and spacing of the fins, for different base temperatures (in the range 40 to 100°C), have been studied.For the configuration considered, in a normal ambient environment (~ 20°C), there is an optimal fin spacing (? 16 mm) corresponding to the greatest steady-state rate of free convective/conductive heat loss through the air from the finned system, and this is almost independent of the temperature of the heat exchanger base (in the range 40–100°C). At this optimal spacing for base temperatures not greater than 50°C, the convective/conductive heat transfer rate from the array increases with the fin height up to about 60 mm, so that it would be uneconomic to employ taller fins if convection/conduction is dominant compared with radiation.If the radiation contribution is also considered, then the optimal spacing corresponding to the maximum total steady-state rate of heat loss through the air is somewhat less than the optimal spacing for which, under the same temperature conditions, the maximum steady-state rate of convective/conductive heat leak occurs. The greater the emissivity of the heat exchanger surfaces, the narrower the optimal uniform gaps between the fins.A two-dimensional finite-difference computer program has been composed to predict the temperature distribution throughout the heat exchanger for a stipulated ambient environmental temperature and experimentally-determined distribution of the heat transfer coefficient over the surfaces of the exchanger. This enables, for instance, any hot spots to be located prior to a proposed design being built. 相似文献
27.
Sangam L. Dwivedi Shyam N. Nigam Pala Subrahmanyam Ramamurthi Jambunathan Govindu V. S. Nagabhushanam Peddi M. Reddy Kooram Raghunath Duncan McDonald 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1993,63(3):265-271
Effects of foliar diseases control by chlorothalonil fungicide on pod yield and quality characteristics were studied in 10 confectionery groundnut genotypes at ICRISAT Centre, India, during two rainy seasons. Significant treatment (disease control versus no control), and genotypic effects were observed for pod yield, total biomass, remaining green leaf area, retained leaf area damaged by rust, shelling percentage, 100-seed mass, oil content, fatty acids, and oleic (O)/linoleic (L) acid, and polyunsaturated (P)/saturated (S) fatty acid ratios. A significant increase in pod yield and total oil content was observed due to the control of foliar diseases by chlorothalonil; whereas the protein content remained unaffected by it. The foliar diseases control by chlorothalonil affected four fatty acids; linoleic acid content increased whereas stearic, oleic, and behenic acid contents decreased. Of the seed quality characteristics, a significant decrease in O/L ratio, and a significant increase in P/S ratio were observed under the disease control treatment. Response to disease control for pod yield and quality characteristics was influenced by genotypes and years. Correlations among fatty acid contents, in general, remained unaffected by control of foliar diseases with chlorothalonil whereas those of fatty acid contents with pod yield, seed mass, oil and protein contents changed in their significance and magnitude. 相似文献