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991.
Kruse C Pacuski W Jakubczyk T Kobak J Gaj JA Frank K Schowalter M Rosenauer A Florian M Jahnke F Hommel D 《Nanotechnology》2011,22(28):285204
Micropillars of different diameters have been prepared by focused ion beam milling out of a planar ZnTe-based cavity. The monolithic epitaxial structure, deposited on a GaAs substrate, contains CdTe quantum dots embedded in a ZnTe λ-cavity delimited by two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). The high refractive index material of the DBR structure is ZnTe, while for the low index material a short-period triple MgTe/ZnTe/MgSe superlattice is used. The CdTe quantum dots are formed by a novel Zn-induced formation process and are investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Micro-photoluminescence measurements show discrete optical modes for the pillars, in good agreement with calculations based on a vectorial transfer matrix method. The measured quality factor reaches a value of 3100. 相似文献
992.
Parab HJ Huang JH Lai TC Jan YH Liu RS Wang JL Hsiao M Chen CH Hwu YK Tsai DP Chuang SY Pang JH 《Nanotechnology》2011,22(39):395706
The feasibility of using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for biomedical applications has led to considerable interest in the development of novel synthetic protocols and surface modification strategies for AuNPs to produce biocompatible molecular probes. This investigation is, to our knowledge, the first to elucidate the synthesis and characterization of sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP)-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au-HMP) in an aqueous medium. The role of HMP, a food additive, as a polymeric stabilizing and protecting agent for AuNPs is elucidated. The surface modification of Au-HMP nanoparticles was carried out using polyethylene glycol and transferrin to produce molecular probes for possible clinical applications. In vitro cell viability studies performed using as-synthesized Au-HMP nanoparticles and their surface-modified counterparts reveal the biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. The transferrin-conjugated nanoparticles have significantly higher cellular uptake in J5 cells (liver cancer cells) than control cells (oral mucosa fibroblast cells), as determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This study demonstrates the possibility of using an inexpensive and non-toxic food additive, HMP, as a stabilizer in the large-scale generation of biocompatible and monodispersed AuNPs, which may have future diagnostic and therapeutic applications. 相似文献
993.
The electro-optic characteristics of the semi-insulating and n(+)-type GaAs(001) surfaces passivated with n-alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers were investigated using Kelvin probe surface photovoltage (SPV) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. Referencing the equilibrium surface barrier height established in an earlier report, SPV measurements demonstrated a significant (>100 mV) increase in the non-equilibrium band-bending potential observed under low-level photo-injection. Modeling of the SPV accounts for these observations in terms of a large (>10(4)) decrease in the hole/electron ratio of surface carrier capture cross-sections, which is suggested to result from the electrostatic potential of the interfacial dipole layer formed upon thiol chemisorption. The cross-section effects are verified in the high-injection regime based on carrier transport modeling of the PL enhancement manifested as a reduction of the surface recombination velocity. 相似文献
994.
Matthias A. Ruderer Shuai Guo Robert Meier Hsin‐Yin Chiang Volker Körstgens Johannes Wiedersich Jan Perlich Stephan V. Roth Peter Müller‐Buschbaum 《Advanced functional materials》2011,21(17):3382-3391
Studies on the influence of four different solvents on the morphology and photovoltaic performance of bulk‐heterojunction films made of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) via spin‐coating for photovoltaic applications are reported. Solvent‐dependent PCBM cluster formation and P3HT crystallization during thermal annealing are investigated with optical microscopy and grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) and are found to be insufficient to explain the differences in device performance. A combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray reflectivity (XRR), and grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) investigations results in detailed knowledge of the inner film morphology of P3HT:PCBM films. Vertical and lateral phase separation occurs during spin‐coating and annealing, depending on the solvent used. The findings are summarized in schematics and compared with the IV characteristics. The main influence on the photovoltaic performance arises from the vertical material composition and the existence of lateral phase separation fitting to the exciton diffusion length. Absorption and photoluminescence measurements complement the structural analysis. 相似文献
995.
Digital life in the age of nonstop connection is not easy, especially not for the so-called Millennials, youngsters born after 1980. Research findings, such as the recently released comprehensive reports by the Kaiser Family Foundation and Pew Foundation, highlight that media are among the most powerful forces in young people’s lives today. Eight- to twenty-somethings in the US spend more than 50 h in front of a screen each week. That is more than a regular working week. The TV shows they watch, video games they play, songs they listen to, books they read, text messages they send and websites they visit are an enormous part of their lives, offering a constant stream of messages about families, peers, relationships, gender roles, sex, violence, food, values, clothes, and so on. 相似文献
996.
Rummel JL Steill JD Oomens J Contreras CS Pearson WL Szczepanski J Powell DH Eyler JR 《Analytical chemistry》2011,83(11):4045-4052
Infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) was used to generate vibrational spectra of ions produced with a direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization source coupled to a 4.7 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. The location of protonation on the nerve agent simulants diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) was studied while solutions of the compounds were introduced for extended periods of time with a syringe pump. Theoretical vibrational spectra were generated with density functional theory calculations. Visual comparison of experimental mid-IR IRMPD spectra and theoretical spectra could not establish definitively if a single structure or a mixture of conformations was present for the protonated parent of each compound. However, theoretical calculations, near-ir IRMPD spectra, and frequency-to-frequency and statistical comparisons indicated that the protonation site for both DIMP and DMMP was predominantly, if not exclusively, the phosphonyl oxygen instead of one of the oxygen atoms with only single bonds. 相似文献
997.
Abu-Rabie P Denniff P Spooner N Brynjolffssen J Galluzzo P Sanders G 《Analytical chemistry》2011,83(22):8779-8786
A novel technique is presented that addresses the issue of how to apply internal standard (IS) to dried matrix spot (DMS) samples that allows the IS to integrate with the sample prior to extraction. The TouchSpray, a piezo electric spray system, from The Technology Partnership (TTP), was used to apply methanol containing IS to dried blood spot (DBS) samples. It is demonstrated that this method of IS application has the potential to work in practice, for use in quantitative determination of circulating exposures of pharmaceuticals in toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic studies. Three different methods of IS application were compared: addition of IS to control blood prior to DBS sample preparation (control 1), incorporation into extraction solvent (control 2), and the novel use of TouchSpray technology (test). It is demonstrated that there was no significant difference in accuracy and precision data using these three techniques obtained using both manual extraction and direct elution. 相似文献
998.
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is widely used for studies of temperature-dependent properties of liquids and solutions, such as thermal denaturation of proteins and other molecules of biological interest. The variation of the spectroscopic signals with temperature can be affected by the changes in the optical path length due to the thermal expansion of the components of the sample cell. In this report we investigate the temperature dependence of the optical path length for a liquid IR sample cell of a design typical for aqueous solution experiments. The path lengths were measured from the interference fringes, both in dry cells and with cells partially filled with water. We found that the optical path length variations are significant, on the order of several percent within the temperature range used (0-87 °C). Several commercially available spacers (Teflon, mylar, and lead) and gaskets (Teflon, lead, silicone rubber, Viton, and neoprene) were tested to find materials with either the smallest or most reproducible effect. Teflon, due to its phase transition (known as the "knee point") near room temperature, leads to abrupt changes in path length when used as either spacer or gasket component. On the other hand, Teflon is preferred for its inertness, while several of the other tested materials, most notably lead, are not practically usable due to adhesion to the cell windows upon heating and contact with the aqueous sample. The combination that yielded the most reproducible results, with minimal complications due to adhesion, was Teflon spacer with neoprene gaskets. The implications of the optical path length changes for the temperature-dependent IR experiments and their possible corrections are discussed. 相似文献
999.
Spherical monodispersed, submicron-sized Y2O3 powder was prepared via a homogeneous precipitation method using nitrate and urea as raw materials. The structure, phase evolution and morphology of Y2O3 precursor and the calcined powder were studied by FTIR, TG/DTA, XRD and SEM methods. The sphere size of the precursor was about 250 nm and that of Y2O3 powder calcined at 800 °C for 2 h was about 200-210 nm. With the spherical Y2O3 powder and a commercial Al2O3 ultrafine powder, high transparent YAG ceramics was fabricated by vacuum sintering at 1780 °C for 6 h through a solid-state reaction method. The in-line transmittances of the as-fabricated YAG ceramics at the wavelength of 1064 nm and 400 nm were 82.8% and 79.5%, respectively, which were much higher than that of the YAG ceramics with a commercial Y2O3 powder and a commercial Al2O3 ultrafine powder directly. The superior properties are attributed to the good morphology, dispersibility and uniform grain size of the as-prepared spherical Y2O3 powder, which matches that of the commercial Al2O3 powder. 相似文献
1000.
A bench-scale sequencing batch reactor was used to study factors affecting the endogenous decay of the ammonium oxidizing biomass (AOB) in different operating conditions. AOB decay was very sensitive to oxygen concentration, and increased up to 0.4 d−1 for oxygen concentration of 7 mg O2 L−1. The decay in anaerobic conditions was shown to be very low (0.03 d−1) when compared to literature data.The effect of nitrite and nitrate on AOB decay was also studied. The correlation was quite weak suggesting that both nitrate and nitrite absence had little impact on decay which is contrary to what is typically assumed in some of the existing process models. A simple expression for the decay of AOB was proposed, calibrated and validated using the results of batch kinetic tests and of the continuous sequencing batch reactor monitoring. 相似文献