超声提取柿果皮总三萜酸工艺优化

目的采用正交法优化柿果皮中总三萜酸的超声提取工艺。方法以牛心柿柿果皮为原料,利用紫外分光光度计法测定柿果皮中总三萜酸的含量,并从提取溶剂选择及其浓度、料液比、超声时间和温度等方面,通过单因素实验和正交试验确定超声提取柿果皮总三萜酸的最佳条件。结果最佳超声提取工艺为:在超声功率240 W的前提下,提取溶剂为75%(V/V)的乙醇、料液比1:15(m/V)、时间45 min、温度50℃。在此条件下,柿果皮总三萜得率最高可达39.33mg/g。结论优化后的方法简单、快速、准确、提取率高,适合提取柿果皮的总三萜酸。     

离子色谱-串联质谱法测定生活饮用水中的高氯酸盐、氯酸盐和溴酸盐

目的建立离子色谱-串联质谱法同时测定生活饮用水中高氯酸盐、氯酸盐和溴酸盐含量的分析方法。方法选用高容量、亲水性IonPacAS-20阴离子交换柱为分析柱对高氯酸盐、氯酸盐和溴酸盐进行分离,以淋洗液自动发生器在线产生KOH为淋洗液进行洗脱。采用外接水模式,串联质谱进行检测。采用电喷雾离子源负离子模式和多反应监测测定,外标法定量。结果高氯酸盐、氯酸盐和溴酸盐的线性范围分别为0.04～20.00μg/L, 0.02～10.00μg/L, 0.04～20.00μg/L,相关系数r~20.999,检出限分别为0.02、0.01和0.02μg/L,定量限分别为0.04、0.02和0.04μg/L,加标回收率在90.0%～98.8%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)小于8.0%。结论该方法简便、可靠、稳定、灵敏度高,可用于生活饮用水中高氯酸盐、氯酸盐和溴酸盐含量的快速测定与确认。     

贝类毒素大田软海绵酸的免疫分析检测技术研究进展

大田软海绵酸(okadaicacid,OA)是一种广泛存在于贝类等生物中的海洋生物毒素,可引起人或动物的急性中毒,对食品安全和海产养殖具有严重危害。因此建立快速、可靠、灵敏的OA检测技术具有重要意义。免疫分析检测技术基于抗原抗体的结合,特异性强、灵敏度高、应用范围广,是当前检测贝类毒素OA的主要手段。本文综述了近年来针对贝类毒素OA的免疫分析检测技术,其中包括酶联免疫吸附检测、免疫层析检测、时间分辨荧光免疫检测和基于免疫传感器的检测技术等。本文着重阐述了不同免疫分析技术的原理及其在OA检测中的实际应用,同时探讨了免疫分析技术在贝类毒素OA检测方面的挑战和发展趋势,以期为开发性能更加优异的OA免疫检测技术提供研究思路。     

正极材料LiFePO4/C掺杂改性的研究进展

LiFePO₄/C具有高温稳定性好、价格低廉、循环性能良好、环保等性能,是一种具有发展潜力的锂离子动力电池正极材料之一,因此在锂离子电池行业备受关注。但由于其电子电导率低以及锂离子扩散速率慢等缺点制约其发展。介绍了磷酸铁锂的结构、性能、充放电原理和掺杂机理,尤其对近年来LiFePO₄/C材料的掺杂改性研究进行了综述。     

机车车轮轮缘探伤方法及定量标准的探讨

针对机车车轮轮缘形状的特殊性,对机车车轮轮缘部位的探伤方法进行了探索,研制了轮缘周向缺陷及纵向缺陷探伤对比试块,研制了相应的WM2R型双晶纵波探头和双晶双向扫查横波斜探头;利用数字式超声波探伤仪制作波幅-当量曲线,提出了确定轮缘缺陷当量方法,在应用实践中得到了验证。     

Performance analysis of adaptive receivers for DS/CDMA communication systems

Both intersymbol interference (ISI) and multiple-access interference (MAI) are the important issues in code division multiple access (CDMA) multiuser communication systems. The step size of the traditional least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive receivers must be substantially adjusted to overcome the effect due to different channel responses or different numbers of active users. The normalized-LMS (NLMS) algorithm can automatically manipulate the adjustment to avoid the problem just discussed. This paper proposes the symbol-based interference rejection filter with NLMS algorithm and derives both finite impulse response (FIR)- and infinite impulse response (IIR)-type algorithms. We also derive the optimal step sizes and minimum mean-square errors (MSEs) for both the FIR and IIR symbol-based receivers. The complexity of our proposed FIR receiver is lower than that of the conventional chip-based receivers. In addition, it is shown that the bit error rate performance of our proposed symbol-based receivers is superior to conventional one in the simulations. Simulations also show the correctness of our theoretical analysis of minimum MSE. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

喷焰内氧化铝粒子光辐射特性研究

分析了Al2O3粒子在喷焰内流动冷却过程中不同相态对其光学性质的影响,重点研究凝固过程中三种相态(液态、γ相、α)Al2O3粒子的吸收指数随相态的变化关系,考虑了紫外到近红外光谱范围内,Al2O3粒子的不同辐射机制.基于Drude模型所得到的氧化铝粒子不同相态吸收指数的计算模型建立了描述Al2O3粒子相变过程紫外与可见光辐射特性数学计算模型.通过与实验数据的对比分析表明,本模型是可行的.在此基础上,分析了不同相态Al2O3粒子辐射特性随温度和波长的变化关系.     

Tritium concentrations in precipitation in Shanghai

Beamline BL17 U1 at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility is an energy-tunable macromolecular crystallography beamline that has been in user operation since 2009. Growing demand from the user community for a small beam and related experimental methods have motivated upgrades of the devices in the endstation.Minibeam modes have already been developed for operation. A self-integrated diffractometer reduces the sphere of confusion of the rotatory axis to 1μm. The new diffractometer is equipped with an upgraded on-axis viewing system that can improve the resolving power. Additionally,the area detector was also upgraded to the newest generation of detectors, the EIGER X 16 M, which can collect data at 133 Hz. After these upgrades, the endstation became virtually new. This paper covers the upgrade of the endstation devices and gives the first data collection results.     

经管类青年教师实践教学能力不足的原因及培养途径

经管类专业较之工科专业,投资小、回收期短、收益大,因而倍受高校管理者青睐,各校开设专业多、招生多,毕业生就业竞争剧烈。如何使我校学生在竞争中胜出,培养他们的实践能力显得尤为重要。而教书育人的教师自身的实践教学能力起到了至关重要的作用。如何提高教师的相关能力,本文对此提出了一些建设性的意见和建议。