Modification of Activated Carbon by the Basic Ionic Liquid [Bmim]OH: A Feasibility Study

The large amount of dye wastewater requires efficient techniques, e.g., adsorption by activated carbon (AC), for removal of dyes to decrease water pollution. AC was modified by the basic ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydroxide. The surface functional groups of AC changed evidently as detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Boehm titration. To evaluate the influence of functional group change on adsorption performance, AC and modified activated carbon (MAC) were employed to remove methylene blue. The results indicated an increase of adsorbance with lapse of contact time. The adsorption capability of AC was distinctly higher than that of MAC. From kinetic studies it follows that the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model can well describe the adsorption process.     

不同处理方式对蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的影响

目的探究不同处理方式对蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的影响。方法分别于2016年10月、2017年1月、2月在济南市农贸市场随机抽样采集根茎类,叶菜类,果菜类,薯芋类蔬菜样品共34份,将样品粉碎后提取拟除虫菊酯,采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,简称ELISA)检测蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯残留量。随后,分别通过碱水溶液浸泡、洗涤剂清洗的方法处理样品,检测处理后蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯残留量,评价不同处理方法对蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类残留的影响。结果 34份蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯检出率为100%;蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留量随着采样时间的不同而发生变化,秋季残留量较高,冬季残留量较低;碱处理和洗涤剂洗涤对蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯无明显去除效果。结论拟除虫菊酯类农药普遍存在与蔬菜中,且经碱处理和洗涤剂处理均无法有效去除蔬菜中此类农药残留。     

塔里木泛哈拉哈塘桑塔木组硬脆性泥岩井壁失稳机理及对策

针对塔里木油田泛哈拉哈塘区块侧钻井在奥陶系桑塔木组钻进期间的井壁失稳问题,通过实验分析井壁失稳的机理为该区块岩性属硬脆性泥岩,层理和裂隙发育,钻井液滤液的渗入导致填充物水化分散;新井眼周围失去原有的力学平衡,形成应力坍塌;钻井液受CO₃^2-/HCO₃^-污染导致性能恶化。以及影响井壁失稳的 因素有：井斜角、钻井液浸泡时间和钻井液密度。并针对该区块桑塔木组侧钻期间的复杂特点和影响井壁失稳的因素从造斜点的选择、工程措施、钻井液措施和碳酸根碳酸氢根污染的处理等方面提出合理的应对措施,对在桑塔木组侧钻期间的安全钻进具有指导意义。     

Application of a focused ion beam mill to the characterisation of a microstructure in tin plating on a Fe 42wt% Ni substrate

The application of a focused ion beam (FIB) mill equipped with a microsampling unit to a tin-plated specimen was reported briefly. Tin-plating has a serious problem: Whiskers are liable to grow on the surface of tinplates. In order to clarify the mechanism of the whisker growth, detail characterisation is conducted using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, it is difficult to prepare specimens for TEM observation without the influences of mechanical damages. It was demonstrated that FIB etching was successfully used to observe a three-dimensional microstructure by scanning ion microscopy (FIB-imaging) and to prepare thin films for TEM observation. The observation has revealed the formation of precipitates of Ni(3)Sn(4) that is considered to be strongly related to the whisker growth.     

MicroRNA-199a-5p Affects Porcine Preadipocyte Proliferation and Differentiation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, have emerged as novel and potent regulators of adipogenesis. However, few miRNAs have been fully investigated in porcine adipogenesis, given the fact that pig is not only an apropos model of human obesity research, but also a staple meat source of human diet. In this study, we showed that miRNA-199a-5p is highly expressed in porcine subcutaneous fat deposits compared to several other tissue types and organs measured alongside. Overexpression of miR-199a-5p in porcine preadipocytes significantly promoted cell proliferation while attenuating the lipid deposition in porcine adipocytes. By target gene prediction and experimental validation, we demonstrated that caveolin-1 (Cav-1) may be a bona fide target of miR-199a-5p in porcine adipocytes, accounting for some of miR-199a-5p’s functions. Taken together, our data established a role of miR-199a-5p in porcine preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, which is at least partially played by downregulating Cav-1.     

面向漏洞检测模型的强化学习式对抗攻击方法

基于深度学习的代码漏洞检测模型因其检测效率高和精度准的优势,逐步成为检测软件漏洞的重要方法,并在代码托管平台Github的代码审计服务中发挥重要作用.然而,深度神经网络已被证明容易受到对抗攻击的干扰,这导致基于深度学习的漏洞检测模型存在遭受攻击,降低检测准确率的风险.因此,构建针对漏洞检测模型的对抗攻击,不仅可以发掘此类模型的安全缺陷,而且有助于评估模型的鲁棒性,进而通过相应的方法提升模型性能.但现有的面向漏洞检测模型的对抗攻击方法,依赖于通用的代码转换工具,并未提出针对性的代码扰动操作和决策算法,因此难以生成有效的对抗样本,且对抗样本的合法性依赖于人工检查.针对上述问题,提出了一种面向漏洞检测模型的强化学习式对抗攻击方法.本方法首先设计了一系列语义约束且漏洞保留的代码扰动操作作为扰动集合;其次,将具备漏洞的代码样本作为输入,利用强化学习模型选取具体的扰动操作序列.最后,根据代码样本的语法树节点类型寻找扰动的潜在位置,进行代码转换,从而生成对抗样本.本文基于SARD和NVD构建了两个实验数据集共14,278个代码样本并以此训练了四个具备不同特点的漏洞检测模型作为攻击目标.针对每个目标模型,训练了一个强化学习网络进行对抗攻击.结果显示,本文的攻击方法导致模型的召回率降低了74.34%,攻击成功率达到96.71%,相较基线方法,攻击成功率平均提升了68.76%.实验证明了当前的漏洞检测模型存在被攻击的风险,需要进一步研究提升模型的鲁棒性.     

Computer-Aided and AILDE Approaches to Design Novel 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitors

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is a pivotal enzyme in tocopherol and plastoquinone synthesis and a potential target for novel herbicides. Thirty-five pyridine derivatives were selected to establish a Topomer comparative molecular field analysis (Topomer CoMFA) model to obtain correlation information between HPPD inhibitory activity and the molecular structure. A credible and predictive Topomer CoMFA model was established by “split in two R-groups” cutting methods and fragment combinations (q² = 0.703, r² = 0.957, ONC = 6). The established model was used to screen out more active compounds and was optimized through the auto in silico ligand directing evolution (AILDE) platform to obtain potential HPPD inhibitors. Twenty-two new compounds with theoretically good HPPD inhibition were obtained by combining the high-activity contribution substituents in the existing molecules with the R-group search via Topomer search. Molecular docking results revealed that most of the 22 fresh compounds could form stable π-π interactions. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) prediction and drug-like properties made 9 compounds potential HPPD inhibitors. Molecular dynamics simulation indicated that Compounds Y12 and Y14 showed good root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) values and stability. According to the AILDE online verification, 5 new compounds with potential HPPD inhibition were discovered as HPPD inhibitor candidates. This study provides beneficial insights for subsequent HPPD inhibitor design.     

社会网络中基于节点平均度的k-度匿名隐私保护方案

社会网络数据的发布可能导致用户隐私被泄露,例如用户的身份信息可能被恶意攻击者通过分析网络中节点的度数识别出来,针对这个问题提出一种基于节点平均度的k-度匿名隐私保护方案.方案首先利用基于平均度的贪心算法对社会网络节点进行划分,使得同一分组中节点的度都修改成平均度,从而生成k-度匿名序列;然后利用优先保留重要边的图结构修改方法对图进行修改,从而实现图的k-度匿名化.本方案在生成k-度匿名序列时引入平均度,提高了聚类的精度,降低了图结构修改的代价.同时,由于在图结构修改时考虑了衡量边重要性的指标—邻域中心性,重要的边被优先保留,保持了稳定的网络结构.实验结果表明,本方案不仅能有效地提高网络抵抗度攻击的能力,还能极大降低信息损失量,在保护用户隐私的同时提高了发布数据的可用性.     

FF-CAM:基于通道注意机制前后端融合的人群计数

单个图像中的人群计数在计算机视觉领域中备受关注,因为其在公共安全方面具有重要作用.例如,在人群聚集的场景中监控设备可以实时监测人群数量变化,对过度拥挤和异常情况进行预警以预防安全事故的发生.然而,由于受到遮挡、透视扭曲、尺度变化和背景干扰的严重影响,在单个图像中对人群计数的预测要达到较高精确度是极其困难的,其面临着巨大...     

Acarbose Protects Glucolipotoxicity-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting Ras Expression in High-Fat Diet-Fed db/db Mice

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) exacerbates renal tissue damage and is a major cause of end-stage renal disease. Reactive oxygen species play a vital role in hyperglycemia-induced renal injury. This study examined whether the oral hypoglycemic drug acarbose (Ab) could attenuate the progression of DN in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice. In this study, 50 mg/kg body weight of Ab was administered to high-fat diet (HFD)-fed db/db mice. Their body weight was recorded every week, and the serum glucose concentration was monitored every 2 weeks. Following their euthanasia, the kidneys of mice were analyzed through hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff, Masson’s trichrome, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The results revealed that Ab stabilized the plasma glucose and indirectly improved the insulin sensitivity and renal functional biomarkers in diabetic mice. In addition, diabetes-induced glomerular hypertrophy, the saccharide accumulation, and formation of collagen fiber were reduced in diabetic mice receiving Ab. Although the dosages of Ab cannot decrease the blood sugar in db/db mice, our results indicate that Ab alleviates glucolipotoxicity-induced DN by inhibiting kidney fibrosis-related proteins through the Ras/ERK pathway.