覆膜种植对重金属在蔬菜中的含量和形态影响与评价

以莴苣为研究对象,通过不同种植状态对比,研究了覆膜栽培方式对莴苣茎和叶片中Cu、Fe、Cd总量和形态的影响及评价。覆膜栽培方式促进了土壤有机质的矿化改变了重金属向莴苣迁移的行为。覆膜方式对莴苣茎和叶中Cu的总量影响很小,但显著增加了莴苣茎中的Cd含量,降低了叶片中Fe的含量,平均增值为0.2 mg/kg和-150 mg/kg。形态分析结果表明覆膜栽培使得莴苣茎中的Fe II向Fe III转化,降低了其在茎中的生物活性,由此导致叶片部位总Fe以及Fe III和Fe IV的减少。覆膜组茎中Cd的活性并没有改变,其总Cd的增加归功于活性最低的Cd IV含量的增加;而叶片中显著增加的CdI形态由于占总量的比例很少,因此覆膜组叶片中总Cd并没有显著增加。两种栽培方式下的莴苣叶中Cd总量均超标,存在食品安全问题,但以每日最大允许摄入量作为参考,3种元素的人均日暴露量均低于ADI值2.4 mg/d、42 mg/d、0.06 mg/d。覆膜栽培方式对人体莴苣叶摄入量贡献率的影响较大,使Fe的贡献率降低了13.1%,而Cd的贡献率增加了6.53%,即增加了摄入镉的潜在风险。     

Synthesis, characterization, and optical properties of new metal complexes with the multi-sulfur 1,2-dithiolene ligand

Metal complexes containing a new multi-sulfur atom containing 1,2-dithiolene ligand, [4′,5′:5,6] [1,4] dithiino[2,3-b] quinoxaline-1′,3′-dithiolate, have been synthesized and characterized by electrochemical measurements, IR, UV-NIR and ESR spectroscopies. X-ray structure analysis reveals that the anions of the Ni-complex derived from the new ligand form a zig-zag chain along the b axis, and the anions of Au complex of the ligand stack along the a axis while the cations occupy the holes. The Ni-complex exhibits remarkable absorption at 1082 nm (? = 15?000 dm³ mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹) and good solubility that render this complex as a promising near-IR dye for Q-switching neodymium lasers. The third-order non-linear optical properties of the complexes are measured by the Z-scan technique with a 6.5 ns pulsed laser at 532 nm. The Au complexes exhibit non-linear optical absorptive abilities, while the non-linear absorption of the nickel complex is negligible. All of the complexes show effective self-defocusing performance. The third-order non-linear optical susceptibilities for the Au complexes have been determined to be of the order of 10⁻¹³ esu.     

Colorimetric artificial nose for identification of Chinese liquor with different geographic origins

Colorimetric artificial nose was used to characterize and identify Chinese liquors from six different geographic origins. Using chemical dyes as the sensing elements, the developed colorimetric artificial nose showed a unique pattern of color changes upon its exposure to Chinese liquors. Data analysis was performed by chemometric techniques: Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Each category of Chinese liquor could cluster together in PCA score plot. No errors in classification by HCA were observed in 45 trials. LDA model showed a 100% of prediction ability for Chinese liquor. The results demonstrated that colorimetric artificial nose was able to classify Chinese liquors from different geographic origins.     

预湿上浆技术的研究与应用

结合自主研发的预湿浆纱机及多年来的实际应用经验,概述了预湿上浆的工艺机理,总结、分析了预湿上浆技术的应用状况,表明预湿上浆是有待推广应用的先进技术。     

Hot tearing susceptibility of MgZn4.5YxZr0.5 alloys and mechanism

The hot tearing susceptibility of MgZn_(4.5)Y_xZr_(0.5)(x = 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6) alloys was evaluated using ClyneDavies' theoretical model and a constrained rod casting(CRC) apparatus equipped with a load cell and data acquisition system. The results obtained from these two approaches were in good agreement, illustrating that the hot tearing susceptibility of the investigated alloys is in the order of MgZn_(4.5)Y_xZr_(0.5) MgZn_(4.5)Y_xZr_(0.5) MgZn_(4.5)Y_xZr_(0.5) MgZn_(4.5)Y_xZr_(0.5) MgZn_(4.5)Y_xZr_(0.5). The microstructure and morphology of hot tearing regions were observed by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The function curves on variation of contraction force and temperature versus time were recorded by a computer during solidification of the MgZn_(4.5)Y_xZr_(0.5) alloys in a "T" type mold after A/D(Analog to digital) conversion. Results show that both the amount and morphology of the second phases have a great relationship with the hot tearing susceptibility. But the former plays a more important role on that of MgZn_(4.5)Y_xZr_(0.5) alloys. The role of low-melting point eutectic phases on the hot tearing susceptibility of MgZn_(4.5)Y_xZr_(0.5) alloys changes gradually with different Y contents. When Y ≤ 1wt.%, it is mainly a damaging effect on intergranular bonding force; when Y 1wt.%, it is mainly an intergranular feeding effect on formed separated dendrites.     

无机化学实验中学生良好习惯的培养

针对来源于边远贫困地区的学生实际，在实验教学中，从实验前的预习、实验台的合理安排、观察记录实验现象、规范操作与仪表等六个方面，分析了无机化学实验中学生的常见问题，并从上述六个方面人手，尝试培养学生的良好实验习惯，收到了积极的效果。     

A mixed phase lanthanum vanadate in situ induced by graphene oxide/graphite carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation

A mixed phase LaVO₄ with high dispersion was in situ induced and implanted in graphene oxide-graphite carbon nitride composite. The obtained nanocomposite (GO–C₃N₄–LaVO₄) showed high and stable photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution, which significantly benefited from the improved charge separation and light absorption in the special composite photocatalyst as evidenced by UV–vis spectra, fluorescence spectrum, photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance. The fabrication strategy of mixed phase LaVO₄ in the GO-C₃N₄ provides a new idea for constructing cheap and active organic-inorganic semiconductor photocatalysts for hydrogen generation.     

Erratum to: Novel Hybrid Ligands for Passivating PbS Colloidal Quantum Dots to Enhance the Performance of Solar Cells

Nano-Micro Letters -     

Exergy analysis of two-stage steam-water jet injector

Exergy analysis is used as a tool to evaluate exergy losses in the steam-water jet injector so as to improve its overall performance. What this article addresses here is mainly about a parametric study on the injector under various operating conditions, such as different inlet water temperature, inlet steam pressure, pressure ratio, entrainment ratio and flowrate ratio. In addition, the irreversible losses in the component parts of the two-stage injector were analyzed in detail. The results show that the operating parameters have great effects on exergy efficiency of the injector. The average exergy efficiency of the two-stage injector is 21% more than that of the single-stage one. Moreover, calculations based on experimental data indicate that the highest exergy losses due to irreversibility occur in the first-stage mixing chamber. In light of this comparison, the exergy losses occurring in the system are proportional to the exergy efficiency obtained by applying the system.     

基于PatentStrategies的变性淀粉专利技术分析

变性淀粉以其良好的适应性应用于食品、造纸、纺织、医药、轻工业、建材、石油、生物工程等行业,近年来受到越来越多的研究者的关注。基于Patent Strategies专利分析系统,对全球和中国变性淀粉专利技术进行专利授权、布局、技术来源、竞争力、IPC分类等角度的分析,在挖掘该研究领域核心专利的基础上,进一步分析变性淀粉领域的核心专利情况。该分析可为变性淀粉企业及研发人员提供重要参考。