工程质量监督委托执法法律关系及法定程序研究

随着《建筑法》和《建设工程质量管理条例》以及住建部5号令的陆续颁布和实施,建筑业相关法律、法规不断出台和日益完善,为建筑工程质量管理监督提供了较为充分的法律依据。建设工程管理具有专业和技术性强、监管周期长、涉及到的知识面广等特点,为此,政府建设主管部门不可能专门组建一个庞大的监督执法队伍,对建设工程质量实施亲历所为的日常管理,因此,委托执法模式是现阶段一种比较恰当的执法方式。对照相关法律、法规,探析工程质量监督的委托执法行为的法律关系,以及法律构成要件,明晰委托执法的法定程序,这对做好工程质量监督委托执法工作是十分有益的。     

Enhanced sound absorption properties of porous ceramics modified by graphene oxide films

Under the condition of constant thickness, improving the low-frequency sound absorption performance of conventional sound-absorbing materials is a challenging research topic. To address this issue, a new reduced graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol (RGO/PVA) porous composite ceramic was fabricated using freeze-drying and optimized by redesigning the internal connecting pores of porous ceramic matrixes with a reticular microstructure using RGO and PVA. The as-prepared porous structure showed significant enhancement in the low-frequency sound absorption band compared with pristine porous ceramics. In addition, the hybrid porous ceramics exhibited low thermal conductivity. These favorable properties indicate that the hybrid sound-absorbing ceramics have potential application prospects for noise reduction in the fields of construction and electrical and mechanical devices.     

Dynamic Reductive Kinetic Resolution of Benzyl Ketones using Alcohol Dehydrogenases and Anion Exchange Resins

Dynamic reductive kinetic resolutions of racemic 3‐arylalkanones have been performed by the proper combination of an alcohol dehydrogenase and a basic anionic resin. The best results were found for the bioreduction with the alcohol dehydrogenase type A from Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541 overexpressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli/ADH‐A) and the commercially available evo‐1.1.200, while the Amberlite IRA‐440 C and the DOWEX‐MWA‐1 resins allowed efficient in situ racemizations. Reaction conditions were optimized in terms of enzyme source and loading, type and amount of resin, pH, temperature and reaction times, obtaining a series of (R,R)‐substituted propan‐2‐ols with good conversions and both diastereoselectivity and stereoselectivity. As a proof of concept, the subsequent intramolecular cyclization of a selected propan‐2‐ol substrate afforded a valuable isochroman heterocycle without any loss of the optical purity.

     

城市中心高架钢桥施工期保畅通实践

改造老旧道路、修建高架桥的施工期会加剧道路的拥堵。在郑州北三环快速化改造中,通过采取组织、管理、技术、经济等综合措施,实现了施工期原有主干道路畅通的目标,可为类似工程提供经验和借鉴。     

双G-M管宽量程辐射探测器设计

将Time-to-Count技术方法应用于双G-M计数管的辐射探测器,设计了G-M计数管高压快速充电电路和控制高低量程G-M计数管工作切换的电路,测试结果表明:双G-M计数管辐射探测器的量程跨度达9个数量级,测量上限达15Sv/h以上,实现了高低量程的平滑切换,还验证了探测器的稳定性和可靠性。     

主螺栓断裂对压力容器密封性能、应力及疲劳的影响分析

在理论分析和数值仿真技术基础上,研究并提出了一种主螺栓断裂对反应堆压力容器(RPV)密封性能、螺栓应力及疲劳的影响分析方法,采用该方法对主螺栓断裂影响进行了评价分析。结果表明,该方法适用于分析1根或多根主螺栓断裂情况对压力容器安全性能的影响,可以用于核电厂在运行中发生类似问题时判断反应堆能否继续运行。     

一株产内切菊粉酶菌株培养条件的响应面优化

从新疆石河子盐碱地菊芋生长根际土壤中,分离筛选得到10株具有内切菊粉酶活力的菌株,复筛得到1株高产内切菊粉酶活力菌株,将其命名为G-60。在单因素实验的基础上,采用Plackett-Burman实验法对8个因素进行了显著因素的筛选,结果表明,菊粉浓度、蛋白胨浓度和装液量对内切菊粉酶酶活影响显著;通过最陡爬坡实验及Central Composite Design设计进一步优化,得到最佳发酵产酶条件为:菊粉浓度66.5g/L、蛋白胨浓度29.1g/L、装液量49.38mL,内切菊粉酶活力达24.62U/mL,与优化前相比提高了1.55倍。      

β-葡萄糖苷酶粗酶液的超滤条件研究

采用超滤技术分离纯化β-葡萄糖苷酶粗酶液,以膜通量、回收率和比酶活为综合评价指标,筛选出合适的截留分子量的膜材料,并进一步考察了进口压力、回流压力、粗酶液固形物含量、膜过滤时间等因素对β-葡萄糖苷酶粗酶液超滤浓缩的影响。结果表明,β-葡萄糖苷酶粗酶液最佳超滤工艺条件为:选用50 ku的超滤膜,对0.9%的料液浓度在进口压0.12 MPa、回流压0.08 MPa条件下超滤20 min,浓缩倍数达3倍,β-葡萄糖苷酶回收率达95.05%,比酶活提高1.24倍,平均膜通量达96.0 L/（m²·h）。用超滤膜浓缩β-葡萄糖苷酶具有工艺简单、能耗低、绿色环保、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性损失小等优点,为β-葡萄糖苷酶的工业化生产放大奠定基础。      

枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵豆粕的种子培养基和发酵培养基优化研究

为提高枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵豆粕的效率,对发酵所用种子培养基和发酵培养基进行优化。通过单因素实验研究种子培养基氮源、碳源、无机盐种类及温度对生物量的影响,确定种子培养基组成为1%酵母膏、1%玉米黄粉、1%KH2PO4,培养温度36℃,其生物量、中性和碱性蛋白酶酶活较常规蛋白胨培养基分别提高210.10%、459.20%和67.50%。在此基础上运用正交实验对发酵培养基碳源量、接种量及温度进行优化,得到最优发酵工艺条件为20%豆粕、2%玉米黄粉、1%KH2PO4、接种量10%,培养温度36℃,其生物量、可溶性蛋白及多肽含量较仅含22%豆粕的培养基分别提高40.90%、28.60%和36.40%。结果表明采用优化后的种子培养基和发酵培养基能够显著提高枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵豆粕的效率。