The Influence of Pre-treatment on the Properties of Photographic Gelatin

Abstract

The influence of the liming period in the manufacturing process on the chemical and photographic properties of gelatin was investigated. Three limed osseins soaked for various periods were prepared and gelatins zvere extracted from them. The impurity contents of the gelatins and the physical restraining properties decreased with prolonging liming periods. The impurity contents and physical retardance were also relative to the extraction order. The deionization treatment of gelatin decreased the impurity contents and the differences of restraining effect with extraction order. Furthermore, the fractionation of sample gelatins by use of gel permeation chromatography was applied to study the relationship to the molecular weight of impurity contents and amino acid composition, as affected by the liming period.     

Physical Retardance by Modified Gelatin

Abstract

The effect of the isoionic point of gelatin on physical ripening properties was studied by the physical retardance test using modified gelatins. Carboxylic groups were blocked by the amidation reaction and amino groups were blocked by the acylation reaction.

Physical ripening speed decreased in relation to the ratio of blocked carboxylic groups and increased when the ratio of carboxylic groups increased due to acyl substitution. However we found that the final particle size of silver halide did not depend on the isoionic point of the gelatin. It was assumed that the charge shift in the gelatin molecules affected the physical ripening speed and did not affect the final particle size.     

Optimum system parameters for multigigabit CPFSK optical heterodynedetection systems

To obtain a multigigabit continuous-phase frequency-shift-keying (CPFSK) system with a high receiver sensitivity, we theoretically and experimentally investigated the optimum modulation index parameter and IF center frequency, considering the modulation and demodulation baseband widths and the IF bandwidth. In a 6-Gb/s CPFSK experiment, we achieved a receiver sensitivity of -41.6 dBm, or 89 photons/bit. To use the 4- to 13-GHz IF band efficiently, we set the IF center frequency f _IF to 8.7 GHz, or 1.45 times the bit rate. To compensate for the insufficient 5-GHz FM-modulation bandwidth in the transmitter, we set the modulation index parameter β to 1.38, that is, a modulation index m of 0.8     

Temperature Dependent FT-IR and FT-Raman Studies of C60 And C70 in Solid States

Temperature-dependent FT-IR and FT-Raman studies of C₆₀ and C₇₀ in crystal and KBr disk states suggest that both C₆₀ and C₇₀ enlarge significantly with temperarture increase in the 303-523 K.     

Fundamental performance of triple magnetic circuit type cylindrical thermomagnetic engine

The engine essentially consists of a rotor made of temperature‐sensitive magnetic material and permanent magnets. When an object made of this material has a temperature distribution in the magnetic field, the force is generated in the direction from the low‐temperature side to the high‐temperature side by magnetic pressure. This paper describes the fundamental performance of the triple magnetic circuit type thermomagnetic engine. A triple magnetic circuit type engine with water‐cooling system has ben designed. The performance characteristics such as power, resistance loss, and the relation between the temperature of the rotor and the rotation speed have been measured, and compared with the characteristics of a single magnetic circuit type engine. The net power is a maximum value of 3.7 W at a rotation speed of 0.4 rps. The power of the triple magnetic circuit type engine per unit magnetic circuit is about 4 times larger than that of the single magnetic circuit type engine. The resistance loss is 1.7 W at the maximum power point. The total power is 5.4 W. Electromagnetic braking loss is about 25% of the total power. The rate of electromagnetic braking loss to the total power increases with the rotation speed. The disk type rotor with small electromagnetic braking loss has been analyzed. Electromagnetic braking loss of the disk type engine becomes about 95% smaller than that of the cylinder type engine. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 154(4): 68–74, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20127     

Proportion of blasts with a clear halo around nucleoli at the end of induction therapy of acute myeloid leukemia correlates with achievement of complete remission, remission duration and relapse

Bone marrow aspirates from 60 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were investigated using 95% ethanol fixation Papanicolaou stained preparations. The blasts were grouped into those with a clear halo around nucleoli (BCHN) and those without a clear halo. The patients were classified into three groups according to the degree of persistent BCHN at the end of induction therapy: group 1, no BCHN; group 2, less than 1% BCHN; and group 3, 1% or more BCHN. All patients in groups 1 (17 cases) and 2 (12 cases), and 12 of 31 cases in group 3 achieved complete remission (CR). Of 17 patients in group 1, two underwent bone marrow transplantation and two died from infection. Of the 37 patients who achieved CR, relapse was observed in two of 13 patients in group 1, and in all patients in groups 2 and 3. As to the patients treated with N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine + daunorubicin + 6-mercaptopurine + prednisolone (BHAC-DMP) protocol, the percentages and number of BCHN at the diagnosis of AML in group 1 were significantly lower than those of groups 2 and 3. The percentage and number of BCHN at the diagnosis of AML were significant factors for the achievement of CR and for the prediction of long-term outcome. The reduction of BCHN to less than 1% at the end of induction therapy is a good indicator for the achievement of CR, and the disappearance of BCHN is a useful target for a long-lasting first CR; conversely, the persistence of BCHN is a major adverse factor for relapse.     

Dialysate pressure isobars in a hollow-fiber dialyzer determined from magnetic resonance imaging and numerical simulation of dialysate flow

A procedure to determine dialysate pressure isobars by comparing the results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and numerical simulation of the dialysate flow was established. The assumption used in the filtration analyses, that the dialysate pressure varies only in the central-axial direction, is supported by the finding that the determined isobars have no steep radial gradient. MRI of the contrast solution permeating the hollow fibers verifies the uniformity of the hollow fiber density in the dialyzer.