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101.
The microstructure and indentation response of pressureless-sintered - and -SiC were studied using a high-resolution electron microscope and analytical electron microscopy. The materials were manufactured with boron and carbon as sintering aids. It was found that the overall porosity of the materials was very low but a large number of carbon inclusions were present. X-ray diffraction revealed the fabricated -SiC material was of the same 3C polytype as the initial starting powder; however, electron microscope observations indicated that the material contained a high density of faulting of the -forms. High-resolution imaging of grain boundaries in these materials indicated that the boundaries were very clean, and when they contained an amorphous intergranular film it was at most 0.5 to 1 nm thick. The presence of boron was not detected. Deformation due to identation took several forms. Firstly, radial cracks extending from the corners of the indent suffered little hindrance from the matrix microstructure, such that transgranular fracture was the dominant mode. Secondly, the deformation zone beneath the indentations showed copious lattice microcracks with some preferred orientation during crack formation and propagation. 相似文献
102.
A mathematically simple spatial difference method has been applied for analysing three-dimensionally, and for illustrating graphically, the process of the development of a flame after the propane-air stoichiometric mixture is ignited. The calculated results show that the mathematical simulation can well express the process of mixture explosion in cylindrical vessels, and can evaluate the effects of laminar swirl flow on the flame development. It is concluded that the swirl motion deforms the flame front and accelerates the flame enlargement. Described also is a comparison of swirl flame calculation, with and without the centripetal effect caused by the difference in densities between burnt and unburnt gases.List of symbols
A, A
f
, A
K
, A
W
area, flame surface area, flame element area, and wall area
-
b
e
heat penetration coefficient
-
C
d
coefficient
-
C
p
molar specific heat at constant pressure
-
G
mass of gas
-
H
cylinder height
-
h
enthalpy and molar enthalpy
-
L
effective length
-
M
j
molecular weight
-
n, N
normal unit vector and normal vector to flame surface
-
p
pressure
-
q
heat input per unit mass
-
r
c
flame center location
-
r, R
radius and vessel radius
-
R
universal gas constant
-
Re
Reynolds number
-
s
b
, s
u
flame speed and burning velocity
-
t
time measured from spark-ignition
-
U
c
inward moving velocity of flame center
-
u
u
compression velocity of the unburnt gas just ahead of the flame front
-
U(u, v, w)
velocity vector
-
v
i
, V
i
specific volume and volume of region-i
-
x
j
mole fraction of specie-j
-
x
mass fraction of burnt gas
-
X(x, Y, z), X(x, r, )
orthogonal and cylindrical coordinate systems
-
Y
j
mass fraction of specie-j
-
Y
mass fraction of burnt gas
-
small amount of change
-
change from the initial state
Suffixes
ij
flame element number
-
i
region or state
-
j
chemical species 相似文献
103.
An approach to improve the accuracy of the incremental solutions to a nonlinear problem, through a strategy to control the size of the increment, based on stationary of an argumented energy functional, is presented. The problem of control of an optimum step size in the incremental theory is formulated for a fixed number of increments. The variables in this argumented functional are: (i) the incremental displacement vector, (ii) the scalar parameters
i
which characterize the size of each of the increments, i = 1,..., N, and (iii) a Lagrange multiplier which enforces the constraint that the sum of all the normalized increments, i. e., i is equal to 1. The optimality condition provides us a rigorous approach which gives rise to an iterative procedure because of nonlinearity of the stationary condition. If the number of increments is not prescribed, a noniterative procedure can be obtained, where the incremental sequence is controlled adaptively with less computational effort. The extension of the proposed method to non-selfadjoint problems, where a potential energy function does not exist, is also discussed. Numerical examples demonstrate the remarkable improvement in the accuracy of the solution by optimizing the incremental sequence, as well as the effectiveness of the adaptive control procedure proposed.Paper presented at The 16th International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Lyngby, Denmark, August 19–25, 1984 相似文献
104.
The activities of FexO in CaO + CaF2 + SiO2 + FexO quaternary slags were measured by means of solid-oxide galvanic cell. The FexO activities in the slags are influenced by CaF2 as well as SiO2. At constant FexO mole fractions, e.g., , at low SiO2 mole fractions i.e., , the substitution of CaF2 for CaO has an effect of raising the FexO activity. At higher SiO2 mole fractions, e.g., , however, such an effect becomes insignificant. 相似文献
105.
106.
K. Nagaoka Y. Tanaka H. Kubota T. Makita 《International Journal of Thermophysics》1986,7(5):1023-1031
A new generalized correlation is presented for the low-pressure gaseous viscosity of fluorocarbon refrigerants. The following empirical equation is obtained based on the most reliable experimental data for 16 fluorocarbons: $$\eta \xi = \left( {0.5124T_r - 0.0517} \right)^{0.82} Z_c ^{ - 0.81}$$ where η is the viscosity in μPa·s and ξ is the viscosity parameter defined using the critical temperature T c in K, the critical pressure P c in MPa, and the molar mass M in g·mol?1 as follows: $$\xi = T_c ^{1/6} M^{ - 1/2} P_c ^{ - 2/3}$$ The applicable ranges are 0.6<T r<1.8 and 0.253<Z c<0.282. The availability of the correlating equation for both pure fluorocarbons and their mixtures has been investigated based on the experimental data of these authors and those in the literature. It is found that the present correlation is useful for the prediction of the viscosity of pure fluorocarbons and their binary mixtures at atmospheric pressure with mean deviations less than 1.6%. 相似文献
107.
Strengthening mechanisms of nickel-base superalloys have been discussed with the background of the Japanese research and development activities in this field. As candidates for materials of intermediate heat exchangers which will be used for a future programme of nuclear steelmaking systems, two kinds of alloys have successfully been developed in Japan. The designs of these alloys have been reviewed from metallurgical aspects including their composition and creep properties. In addition to the conventional methods to strengthen these alloys, such as solid solution hardening or particle precipitation hardening, a grain-boundary precipitation strengthening due to tungsten-rich 2 phase in the Ni-Cr-W system, would be expected as a further advanced method. 相似文献
108.
Dr. Daisuke Okuno Dr. Noriho Sakamoto Dr. Mohammed S. O. Tagod Yoshiko Akiyama Dr. Sakiko Moriyama Dr. Takuto Miyamura Dr. Atsuko Hara Dr. Takashi Kido Dr. Hiroshi Ishimoto Prof. Yuji Ishimatsu Prof. Takashi Tanaka Prof. Jun Ishihara Prof. Kohsuke Takeda Prof. Yoshimasa Tanaka Prof. Hiroshi Mukae 《ChemMedChem》2021,16(16):2515-2523
Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), a collagen-specific molecular chaperone, is causally related to fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The identification of Compounds that interfere with the HSP47-collagen interaction is essential for the development of relevant therapeutics. Herein, we prepared human HSP47 as a soluble fusion protein expressed in E. coli and established an assay system for HSP47 inhibitor screening. We screened a natural and synthetic Compound library established at Nagasaki University. Among 1023 Compounds, 13 exhibited inhibitory activity against human HSP47, of which three inhibited its function in a dose-dependent manner. Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, one of these three Compounds, is a typical polyphenol Compound derived from tea leaves. Structurally related Compounds were synthesized and examined for their activity, revealing a hydroxyl group at A-ring position 5 as important for its activity. The present findings provide valuable insight for the development of natural product-derived therapeutics for fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. 相似文献
109.
Yasushi Takeuchi Kohjiro Yanagisawa Yuhsuke Tanaka Noriyuki Tsuruoka 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》1997,14(5):377-381
Fixation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in air onto granular activated carbon impregnated with chemicals was attempted to improve removal efficiency of NOx by activated carbon adsorption. Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), were tried to remove by a flow test. Fixed-bed adsorption breakthrough curves were obtained when some kinds of carbon were
used. The amount adsorbed of NO2 changed with the amount and kinds of metallic salts impregnated. Chemicals-impregnated carbons were prepared from a commercial
activated carbon. Among obtained carbons, the one which showed the highest selectivity for NOx was chosen, and its performance with the change in humidity was determined. Removal mechanism of NO2 was estimated, and the carbon impregnated with potassium hydroxide was found to be superior to any other carbon tested. The
amount of the adsorbed NO and that produced by the reduction of NO2 were determined from the breakthrough curves. 相似文献
110.
Effect of Composition on the Oxygen Tracer Diffusion in Transparent Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG) Ceramics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Isao Sakaguchi Hajime Haneda Junzo Tanaka Takakimi Yanagitani 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1996,79(6):1627-1632
The grain boundary structure and oxygen tracer diffusion in transparent yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramics varying from 2% excess of Y2 O3 to 0.5% excess of Al2 O3 were studied. The characterization of the specimens is as follows: (i) For the Y2 O3 -excess specimen, a second phase (yttrium aluminum perovskite: YAP) containing silicon in the grain boundary was found, (ii) For the Al2 O3 -excess specimen, both aluminum-rich particles (alumina) and a silicon-rich segregant layer were observed in the grain boundary. The volume diffusion of the oxygen tracer is little influenced by the excess composition. In contrast, the grain boundary diffusion of the oxygen tracer is suppressed in the Y2 O3 -excess specimens, compared to Al2 O3 -excess specimens. These differences are thought to result from the chemical reaction between the second phase and the intergranular liquid phase during the sintering. 相似文献