Hydrolyses of calcium phosphates-allografts composite in physiological solutions

Hydrolysis of calcium phosphates cement- allografts composite in calf serum and that in saline were examined in comparison with those of the calcium phosphates cement in both the solutions. The calcium phosphates cement consists of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), tetracalcium phosphate (TetCP), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), and hydroxyapatite (HAP), which is clinically used as Biopex. In the hydrolyses of Biopex-allografts composite in both the solutions, the calcium phosphates cement was transformed into HAP. On the other hand, in the hydrolyses of Biopex, HAP was formed after 1 day and octacalcium phosphate (OCP) was gradually formed after 7 days. In the presence of allografts, plate-like crystals were deposited and in the absence of allografts, needle-like crystals were deposited in both the solutions. By the addition of allografts, the hydrolysis process of the calcium phosphates cement was significantly changed.     

Image-based control of skin melanin texture

We introduce a useful tool for controlling the skin melanin texture of facial photographs. Controlling the skin melanin texture is an important task in the reproduction of posters, TV commercials, movies, and so on. We used component maps of melanin, which were obtained by a previous method [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 16, 2169 (1999)] as the first processing step. We propose to control the melanin texture continuously and physiologically, based on the analysis of 123 skin textures in our database. The physiological validity for the change of the melanin texture is confirmed by comparing the synthesized image with an ultraviolet image, which can be used to predict the change of melanin texture due to aging. The control processes are implemented on programmable graphics hardware, and real-time processing is achieved for a facial videostream.     

Perfect tracking control of servomotor based on precise model considering current loop and PWM hold

In motion control, position control systems for servomotors are generally designed without considering the current loop and the dynamics of a PWM inverter. In this paper, a novel precise model of a servomotor is developed, including the current loop and the PWM inverter, and a high‐speed servo system is proposed based on perfect tracking control with the precise model. Finally, simulations and experiments are performed to show the advantages of the proposed method. ©2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(4): 64–72, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20749     

基于细径McKibben型气动人工肌肉的仿生手研发

以细径McKibben型气动人工肌肉作为执行器,研发了一种质量轻且具有良好柔顺性、灵巧性的仿生机械手.分别以直径为1.3mm和2mm的细径McKibben型人工肌肉模拟人手的内在肌和外在肌,以人手骨骼、关节、肌肉的生理构造为设计准则,设计并制作仿生手样机.该样机由35根人工肌肉驱动,与人手大小相仿,质量小于0.5 kg.通过实验,对该仿生手的运动性能、目标抓握能力和鲁棒性进行验证,该仿生手可以完成与人手相近的动作.     

A comprehensive study on development of a small-sized self-propelled robot for bridge inspection

Application of maintenance to ensure the safety, extend the service life and reduce the life-cycle cost of civil structures is important. In this paper, a new inspection method is proposed using a robot which can effectively approach target sections of structures, such as areas that are either too narrow or too dangerous to approach and perform both visual and detailed inspection with various devices. The small-sized self-propelled robot was initially developed. The test model can freely move on the surfaces of various types of structures. Next, the function to detect the deterioration of concrete or steel surfaces by attached cameras to the robot was examined. Moreover, a function was installed to identify the location of the robot automatically using a phase-only correlation method and to determine structural behaviours using an accelerometer. Finally, the applicability of robotic movement and all installed functions was tested on an existing bridge.     

Influence of shot peening and thermal ageing treatment on resistance to intergranular corrosion in shielded metal arc weld metal for type 600 nickel base alloy

Shielded metal arc weld metal for type 600 nickel base alloy (alloy 182) is used for weld components in nuclear power plants. To evaluate the intergranular corrosion resistance of alloy 182 after application of shot peening and subsequent thermal ageing treatment at 593–793 K, we conducted the corrosion test (immersed in boiled 16% sulphuric acid +5.7% copper sulphate aqueous solution at 57.6 ks) using specimens of alloy 182. The results show that the intergranular corrosion resistance of alloy 182 subjected to heat treatment at 893 K for 72 ks was improved by shot peening. Also, the intergranular corrosion resistance was not changed by thermal ageing treatment at 593–793 K subsequent to shot peening. Because remaining chromium depletion layers along grain boundaries were still observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) after shot peening, disappearance of chromium depletion layers cannot be a factor in the improvement of the intergranular corrosion resistance. The results of measurement of surface residual stress by the X-ray diffraction method show that the compressive residual stress introduced by shot peening still remained on the surface of the specimens. Based on these observations, we assumed that chromium depletion layers along grain boundaries near the surface were dissolved by the environment of the corrosion test, the dissolved regions were closed by the compressive residual stress on the surface, and then the remaining chromium depletion layers were protected from the corrosive environment. This assumption explains why the intergranular corrosion resistance was improved although chromium depletion layers remained.     

解决抄纸机的污染对策——湿部清洁生产最佳化

近年来,由于原料质量恶化等多方面原因,大量杂物进入抄纸机系统,产生污染障碍.对此,持续开发出的高效凝结剂"REA LIZER-A系列"、高效助留剂"REA LIZER-R系列"组合成湿部改性系统"AXISZ系统",高效的处理了来自废纸浆盼增水性树脂,大大提高了细小纤维和填料等微细成分的留着率,清洗了湿部,减少了污染障碍.新型的ASA施胶系统"REGSIS"能以最小添加量获得最佳施胶效果.新型的微生物控制系统"CURECIDE"又能有效的抑制微生物危害.采用湿部化学技术将药剂组合,从化学和生物方面系统调控,成为减少抄纸机系统等障碍的良好对策.     

Trichloroethylene transformation by natural mineral pyrite: the deciding role of oxygen

The transformation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in natural mineral iron disulfide (pyrite) aqueous suspension under different oxygen conditions was investigated in laboratory batch experiments. TCE transformation was pursued by monitoring its disappearance and products released with time. The effect of oxygen was studied by varying the initial dissolved oxygen concentration (DO(i)) inside each reactor. Transformation rates depended strongly on DO(i) in the system. In anaerobic pyrite suspension, TCE did not transform as it did under aerobic conditions. The transformation rate increased with an increase in DO(i). The TCE transformation kinetics was fitted to a pseudo-first-order reaction with a rate constant k (h(-1)) varying from 0.004 to 0.013 for closed systems with DO(i) varying from 0.017 to 0.268 mmol/L under the experimental conditions. In the aerobic systems, TCE transformed to several organic acids including dichloroacetic acid, glyoxylic acid, oxalic acid, formic acid, and finally to CO2 and chloride ion. Dichloroacetic acid was the only chlorinated intermediate found. Both TCE and the pyrite surface were oxidized in the presence of O2. Oxygen consumption profiles showed O2 was the common oxidant in both TCE and pyrite oxidation reactions. Ferric ion cannot be used as an alternative oxidant to oxygen for TCE transformation.