Spatial distribution of silica fillers in phase-separated rubber blends investigated by three-dimensional elemental mapping

The distribution of nano-sized silica in binary rubber blends is characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). 3D distribution of silica is visualized by STEM-EDX tomography with the tilt-series of silicon elemental maps, while the phase-separated morphologies of polyisoprene rubber (IR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) are visualized by STEM-tomography in high-angle-annular-dark field (HAADF) mode. The combination of STEM-EDX and STEM-HAADF tomography enables us to determine the distribution of silica between the two rubber phases quantitatively even with high contents of silica up to 70 phr (weight parts per hundred rubber). It is found that silica is preferentially distributed in the SBR phase, but it is also distributed in the IR phase when the IR fraction in the total rubber components is higher than 40 wt%. The preferential distribution of silica in the SBR phase improves the dispersion of the IR domains. This is the first use of this technique for a multicomponent polymer system, showing the advantage to characterize the complicated multicomponent polymer composite morphologies.     

HEDP镀铜废水的组合处理方法

提出了一种HEDP镀铜废水的组合处理方法:用石灰乳液调节废水的pH至10～12后,加入氯化钙沉淀HEDP和酒石酸钾钠配位剂,从配合物中释放出的铜离子生成氢氧化铜沉淀;然后加入二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠沉淀残留的配合物中的铜离子,所释放出的HEDP及酒石酸根进一步与钙离子生成沉淀物.该方法简单、成本低,出水能满足排放要求.     

氧化石墨烯在镀层封闭剂中的性能研究

试验研究了氧化石墨烯在以硅溶胶为主要成分的镀层封闭剂中的性能.认为氧化石墨烯的大比表面积能有效阻碍腐蚀介质对镀层的腐蚀,其表面的羟基也能与纳米二氧化硅胶粒表面的羟基发生缩合反应而形成共价键,提高了氧化石墨烯在封闭剂中的溶解性和稳定性.在烘干固化中,氧化石墨烯与二氧化硅胶粒以及其他成膜物质交联在一起,提高了封闭层的强度和耐蚀性.氧化石墨烯还能与镀层金属形成化学键,有效提高封闭层与镀层之间的结合力,从而提高封闭层的抗划伤能力.在锌及锌镍合金镀件三价铬钝化后采用羟基石墨烯改性封闭剂处理后所得到的封闭层拥有自修复性,其原因在于氧化石墨烯具有与六价铬相似的氧化性,对镀层金属有二次钝化作用,这能够有效克服三价铬钝化膜的技术缺陷,为军工行业淘汰六价铬钝化工艺提供了新的技术方案.     

PVC/CPE/GF复合材料制备及力学性能

采用玻璃纤维(GF)及氯化聚乙烯(CPE)对聚氯乙烯(PVC)协同增韧改性.研究表明,当共混体系中有一定量的GF时,CPE的加入不仅能够改善共混物的韧性,还能够促进GF在PVC基体中的分散,两者协同增韧.随着CPE加入量的增加,GF分散效果增强,PVC/CPE/GF共混物的硬度呈现先显著增强后缓慢增强的趋势、拉伸强度和...     

碳纳米纤维增强聚甲醛复合材料制备及性能

通过纳米碳纤维(CNFs)在聚甲醛(POM)基体中的均匀分散以及取向,制备了具有优异力学性能和热性能的POM/CNFs复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、拉伸性能测试、热重分析、动态热机械分析测试表征了POM/CNFs复合材料的结构和力学、热学性能。结果表明,CNFs与POM分子链形成氢键相互作用,促进了CNFs在POM基体内分散,同时使POM/CNFs复合材料的结晶度显著提高。随着CNFs含量增加,POM/CNFs复合材料的拉伸强度、储能模量和损耗模量均得到提高。当添加0.5%的CNFs时,拉伸强度、储能模量及损耗模量分别提高了20.5%,127%和58%。进一步研究了高温拉伸对POM/CNFs复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,CNFs沿拉伸方向定向排列,同时复合材料拉伸后结晶度提高,拉伸强度显著增加。     

Enhanced strains of Nb-doped BNKT-4ST piezoelectric ceramics via phase boundary and domain design

A strategy that constructs the morphotropic phase boundary and manipulates the domain structure has been used to design the component of 0.96[Bi_0.5(Na_0.84K_0.16)_0.5Ti_(1-x)Nb_xO₃]-0.04SrTiO₃ (BNKT-4ST-100xNb) to enhance the strain properties for actuator application. Non-equivalent Nb⁵⁺ donor doping modulates the phase transition from the mixture of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases to the pseudocubic phase and results in the coexistence of multiple phases. Moreover, the high-resolution TEM confirms the existence of polar nano regions that contribute to the macroscopic relaxor behaviour. The size of the domains is reduced with increasing Nb⁵⁺, resulting in an enhanced relaxor behaviour. The ferroelectric-relaxor transition temperature decreases from 85 to below 30 °C, implying a non-ergodic to ergodic relaxor transition. An improved strain of 0.56% and a giant normalized strain of 1120 pm/V were achieved for BNKT-4ST-1.5Nb, which were attributed to the unique domain structure in which nanodomains are embedded in an undistorted cubic matrix. Ferroelectric, antiferroelectric, and relaxor phases coexist. As the electric field is large enough, a reversible phase transition occurs. Furthermore, good temperature stability was obtained due to the stability of the nanodomains, and no degradation in strains was observed even after 10⁴ cycles, which may originate from the reversible phase transition and dynamic domain wall. The results show that this design strategy offers a reference way to improve the strain behaviour and that BNKT-4ST-100xNb ceramics could be a potential material for high-displacement actuator applications.     

Dynamo在预应力连续箱梁参数化快速建模中应用

近年来,BIM技术在基础设施市政桥梁工程中的应用越来越广泛,使用传统Revit建模方法建模效率低,且模型精度不能达到施工要求,导致相关BIM应用无法达到预期效果.以杭州萧山国际机场三期改扩建项目配套市政桥梁工程为例,通过研究Dynamo节点,编写相关节点对桥梁进行建模,实现了桥梁BIM模型快速高质量的创建,为同类桥梁模...     

柳毛石墨矿生产工艺的改造

介绍了柳毛石墨矿选厂的矿石性质、石墨分选工艺特点等;针对其存在的问题,提出采用振磨机代替球磨等改造措施,可生产出高品质石墨精矿,并可降低能耗,提高经济效益。     

基于多次数据吸收集合平滑算法的自动油藏历史拟合研究

针对常见历史拟合方法存在计算量大、油藏参数更新异常、油藏模型修正失真等问题.采用集合平滑算法,通过引入集合卡尔曼滤波算法(EnKF)中多次迭代思路,对相同数据重复吸收,推导出多次数据吸收集合平滑算法(ES-MDA)的核心公式,并编写了自动油藏历史拟合软件.以北海布伦特油田海相砂岩油藏为例,将基于ES-MDA算法的油藏自...     

吴起油田吴420区高效建产技术研究

吴起油田吴420区长。油藏是长庆油田采油三厂近年来主力产建区,该油藏沉积微相以水下分流河道和河口坝沉积为主,属于典型的“低压、低孔、低渗”油藏。油藏从2005年开始规模建产,历时4年,形成了百万吨产建规模,在建产的过程中,充分运用油藏地质学原理及鄂尔多斯盆地油藏特征,在不断探索和实践的基础上,形成了吴起油田吴420区高效建产技术和方法,为实现同类整装油藏的高效、快速建产提供了技术保障;