季铵盐型阳离子瓜尔胶的制备

以瓜尔胶为原料,3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为醚化剂,氢氧化钠为催化剂,乙醇为溶剂,制备了季铵盐型阳离子瓜尔胶,考察了乙醇浓度、醚化剂用量、pH值、反应温度、反应时间对季铵盐型阳离子瓜尔胶取代度和反应效率的影响,得出较佳制备条件为:乙醇质量分数为85%,pH11.0,反应温度70℃,反应时间4h,在较佳条件和醚化剂与瓜尔胶质量比为7∶100的条件下,阳离子瓜尔胶取代度为0.1651,反应效率86.79%.     

用指针实现的程序的标准化及其应用

为了消除指针程序实现形式的多样化,简化程序分析,提出一种对用指针实现的程序进行标准化的方法.首先将程序表示成系统依赖图,分析指针别名信息;然后制定指针标准化规则并结合已有的代码多样化消除规则,对系统依赖图进行保持语义不变的转换,将语法表示不同但语义等价的程序转换为相同的系统依赖图表示,从而消除代码多样化.最后,将该方法应用到C语言编程题的自动评分系统中,并与人工评分和正确评分结果进行对比,验证了该方法的有效性.     

微气囊抗冲击移动硬盘变形能分析

为解决普通移动硬盘因不慎跌落损坏而易导致数据丢失的缺点,发明了一种新型的微气囊抗冲击移动硬盘,并对其进行了理论及试验研究.首先介绍了微气囊抗冲击移动硬盘的结构和工作原理;接着对移动硬盘跌落过程进行了理论分析,推导出了其变形能的计算表达式;最后设计了一套测量移动硬盘跌落时其纵向应变的试验装置,并对普通移动硬盘和微气囊抗冲击移动硬盘分别进行了试验研究.试验结果表明:微气囊抗冲击移动硬盘从2.5 m高度自由落下与地面撞击时的冲击变形能仅相当于普通移动硬盘从1 m高度跌落时的变形能,故微气囊抗冲击移动硬盘的抗冲击性能远优于普通移动硬盘的抗冲击性能.     

厌氧活性污泥PCR-DGGE图谱的优化

针对特种污泥PCR-DGGE图谱的优化一直是微生物分子生态学研究的重点.在反硝化抑制硫酸盐还原菌的研究中,研究厌氧硫酸盐还原污泥和反硝化污泥DNA的提取方法,应用通用引物958F/1401R扩增16S rDNA序列,探讨不同的退火温度对DGGE指纹图谱多样性影响,同时采用时间进程法对DGGE图谱进行优化.结果表明,采用PBS洗涤污泥和超声震荡有利于硫酸盐还原污泥DNA提取;采用958F/1401R为引物时,扩增片段大约500 bp,不同的退火温度对DGGE指纹图谱的多样性影响不显著;采用时间进程法可以很好地再现不同电泳阶段对样品的分离效果,最佳变性剂梯度为40%～60%,在130 V电压下,最佳电泳时间为5 h.     

基于红外原理的微型多气体检测系统的设计

为了解决目前煤矿瓦斯事故以及大量使用天然气的家庭安全、环境污染等问题,设计并开发了一种具有集成化、微型化的红外多气体检测系统,通过实验数据的测试对比和数据分析,这种系统达到了微功耗、微体积、宽量程、高分辨率等技术要求,且能集成多气体检测的微型检测系统.重点介绍了红外检测的光学原理,以及从单气体检测引入到集成多气体检测的设计思想和方法,并介绍了有关CAN总线的数据传输方式和无线数据通信方式在系统中的应用.     

Degradation of p-nitrotoluene by 03/H2 02 process and oxidation mechanism

The degradation of p-nitrotoluene by O2/H2O2 process in a bubble contact column was investigated.Effects of the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to ozone, pH value and t-butanol on the oxidation process were discussed. It was found that the proper H2 O2/O3 molar ratio for the degradation of p-nitrotoluene was around O. 6, different pH values and the presence of t-butanol highly influenced the removal efficiency of p-nitrotoluene. 5-metbyl-2-nitrophenol, 2-methy1-5-nitrophenol, (4-nitrophenyl) methanol, 5-(hydroxymethyl) -2-nitro phenol, acetic acid, 2-methylpropanc diacid and 2-(hydroxylmethyl) propane diacid were identified as degradation intermediates and products through GC-MS. Radical reaction mechanism and degradation pathway were proposed based on the results of experiments. It is deduced that the benzene ring of p-nitrotoluene can be only destroyed by hydroxyl radicals through a polyhydrexy intermediate pathway. Then unstable polybydroxy intermediates can be oxidized to different acids with low molecular weight rapidly.     

Degradation of p-nitrotoluene by O3/H2O2 process and oxidation mechanism

The degradation of p-nitrotoluene by O3/H2O2 process in a bubble contact column was investigated. Effects of the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to ozone,pH value and t-butanol on the oxidation process were discussed. It was found that the proper H2O2/O3 molar ratio for the degradation of p-nitrotoluene was around 0.6, different pH values and the presence of t-butanol highly influenced the removal efficiency of p-nitrotoluene. 5-methyl-2-nitrophenol, 2-methyl-5-nitrophenol, (4-nitrophenyl) methanol, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitro phenol, acetic acid, 2-methylpropane diacid and 2-(hydroxylmethyl)propane diacid were identified as degradation intermediates and products through GC-MS. Radical reaction mechanism and degradation pathway were proposed based on the results of experiments. It is deduced that the benzene ring of p-nitrotoluene can be only destroyed by hydroxyl radicals through a polyhydroxy intermediate pathway. Then unstable polyhydroxy intermediates can be oxidized to different acids with low molecular weight rapidly.     

Effects of main factors on remedying northern landscaping water by hybrid ecological filter

Natural zeolite and coal cinder were layered as main packing medium of the ecological filter instead of traditional filling to remedy the static lake water in Northern China.The ecological filter was running in a combined upward and downward flow mode.Dynamic experiments were carried out to study the effects of retention time and ambient temperature on pollutants’ removal efficiency of the hybrid ecological filter.The function of plant was also studied by contrast test.It is showed that the removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and TP are increased when the retention time is changed from 1 h to 2 h and 4 h,but the removal efficiency of TN is decreased,the removal efficiency of NH4+-N is increased from 91.5% to 98% and that of TP is increased from 31.8% to 52.5%.When the temperature declines,the temporal removal efficiency of NH4+-N is reduced,but the removal efficiency of 24 h and 48 h is remained.The removal efficiency of TP after 24 h and 48 h is decreased when the temperature declines evidently.The retention time plays an important role in NH4+-N and TP removal,and the ambient temperature is significant for TP removal.The plant favors for TP and organic matter removal but has little effect on TN removal.     

Isolation and identification of a sulfate reducing bacteria and sequence analysis of its dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene

A sulfate reducing bacteria was isolated from mining sewage of Daqing Oilfield by Hungate anaerobic technology. Physiological-biochemical analysis showed that the strain could utilize polyacrylamide as sole carbon and nitrogen source. The sequence analysis of 16S rDNA illustrated that the similarity of F8 and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (AF192153) was 99%, and the similarity sequence of dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene (DSR) cloned from the strain and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (AF273034) was 98%. Their phylogenitic analysis was basically anastomosed, and thus temporarily named as Desulfovibrio desulfuricans F8. The DSR cloned from F8 strain was 2740 bp in length consisting of three ORF, DSRA, DSRB and DSRD as a single operon (DSRABD) regulated by the same operator. DSRA contained typical conservative box of sulfate—sulfite reducing enzyme (SiteⅠand SiteⅡ), which could bind siroheme and [Fe4S4]. DSRB retained a [Fe4S4] binding site, with an uncomplimentary structure for siroheme binding. There was no conservative box in DSRD. Sequence analysis of DSR will provide a theoretical basis for quantitative detection, metabolic pathway modification through gene engineering, and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) suppression.     

Geological factors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells in the northern margin of the Qaidam basin

We investigated the geological factors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells in the northern margin of the Qaidam basin to better understand their cause. The structural situation, the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism and unsuccessful well data collected from 1996 to 2005 were studied. The results show that the main geological factors associated with unsuccessful exploration wells are a lack of effective source rocks and a lack of effective traps, as well as the migration-accumulation conditions that exist in this area. The basin was reformed by Meso-Cenozoic tectonic evolution. Multi-stage tectonic activities have both positive and negative effects on hydrocarbon accumulation. Source rocks distribution, effective migration channels, effective traps and the tectonic evolution effects on hydrocarbons should be the key objects for further studies.