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41.
Ken-Ichi Ohguchi Katsuhiko Sasaki Masahiro Ishibashi 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2006,35(1):132-139
A method to separate plasticity and creep is discussed for a quantitative evaluation of the plastic, transient creep, and
steady-state creep deformations of solder alloys. The method of separation employs an elasto-plastic-creep constitutive model
comprised of the sum of the plastic, transient creep, and steady-state creep deformations. The plastic deformation is expressed
by the Ramberg-Osgood law, the steady-state creep deformation by Garofalo’s creep law, and the transient creep deformation
by a model proposed here. A method to estimate the material constants in the elasto-plastic-creep constitutive model is also
proposed. The method of separation of the various deformations is applied to the deformation of the lead-free solder alloy
Sn/3Ag/0.5Cu and the lead-containing solder alloy Sn/37Pb to compare the differences in the plastic, transient creep, and
steady-state creep deformations. The method of separation provides a powerful tool to select the optimum lead-free solder
alloys for solder joints of electronic devices. 相似文献
42.
Hiroaki Anno Masahiro Hokazono Ritsuko Shirataki Yuko Nagami 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2013,42(7):2326-2336
The Al content dependence of crystallographic, thermoelectric, and mechanical properties is reported for polycrystalline Ba8Al x Si46?x (nominal x = 15 to 17) clathrates prepared by combining arc melting and spark plasma sintering methods. The elastic constants and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), which are also important properties for designing thermoelectric devices, are presented. Powder x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicate that the type I clathrate is the major phase of the samples but impurity phases (mainly BaAl2Si2, Si, and Al) are included in the samples with high Al contents. The actual Al content x determined by EDX ranges from approximately 14 to 15. The absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient increases and the electrical conductivity decreases as the Al content increases. The changes in Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity are explained in terms of the dependence of the carrier concentration on the Al content. The elastic constants and the CTE of the samples depend weakly on the Al content. Some of the properties are compared with reported data of single crystals of Ba8Al16Ge30, Ba8Ga16Ge30, Sr8Ga16Ge30, silicon, and germanium as standard references. The effective mass, Hall carrier mobility, and lattice thermal conductivity, which govern the transport properties, are determined to be ~ 2.4m 0, ~ 7 cm2 V?1 s?1, and ~ 1.3 W m?1 K?1, respectively, for actual Al content x of about 14.77. The thermoelectric figure of merit ZT is estimated to be about 0.35 at 900 K for actual Al content x of about 14.77. 相似文献
43.
Rui Lan Rie Endo Masashi Kuwahara Yoshinao Kobayashi Masahiro Susa 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2018,47(6):3184-3188
Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy has drawn much attention due to its application in phase-change random-access memory and potential as a thermoelectric material. Electrical and thermal conductivity are important material properties in both applications. The aim of this work is to investigate the temperature dependence of the electrical and thermal conductivity of Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy and discuss the thermal conduction mechanism. The electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy were measured from room temperature to 823 K by four-terminal and hot-strip method, respectively. With increasing temperature, the electrical resistivity increased while the thermal conductivity first decreased up to about 600 K then increased. The electronic component of the thermal conductivity was calculated from the Wiedemann–Franz law using the resistivity results. At room temperature, Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy has large electronic thermal conductivity and low lattice thermal conductivity. Bipolar diffusion contributes more to the thermal conductivity with increasing temperature. The special crystallographic structure of Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy accounts for the thermal conduction mechanism. 相似文献
44.
Ashok Sudarsanam Sharad Malik Masahiro Fujita 《Design Automation for Embedded Systems》1999,4(2-3):187-206
We address the problem of code generation for embedded DSP systems. Such systems devote a limited quantity of silicon to program
memory, so the embedded software must be sufficiently dense. Additionally, this software must be written so as to meet various
high-performance constraints. Unfortunately, current compiler technology is unable to generate dense, high-performance code
for DSPs, due to the fact that it does not provide adequate support for the specialized architectural features of DSPs via
machine-dependent code optimizations. Thus, designers often program the embedded software in assembly, a very time-consuming
task. In order to increase productivity, compilers must be developed that are capable of generating high-quality code for
DSPs. The compilation process must also be made retargetable, so that a variety of DSPs may be efficiently evaluated for potential
use in an embedded system. We present a retargetable compilation methodology that enables high-quality code to be generated
for a wide range of DSPs. Previous work in retargetable DSP compilation has focused on complete automation, and this desire
for automation has limited the number of machine-dependent optimizations that can be supported. In our efforts, we have given
code quality higher priority over complete automation. We demonstrate how by using a library of machine-dependent optimization
routines accessible via a programming interface, it is possible to support a wide range of machine-dependent optimizations,
albeit at some cost to automation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology, which has been used
to build good-quality compilers for three fixed-point DSPs.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
45.
We derive a linear correspondence between the variables of an encoder and those of a corresponding syndrome former. Using the derived correspondence, we show that the log-likelihood ratio of an information bit conditioned on a received sequence can be equally calculated using the syndrome trellis. It is shown that the proposed method also applies to recursive systematic convolutional codes which are typical constituent codes for turbo codes. Moreover, we show that soft-in syndrome decoding considering a priori probabilities of information bits is possible in the same way as for Viterbi decoding based on the code trellis. Hence, the proposed method can be applied to iterative decoding such as turbo decoding. We also show that the proposed method is effective for high-rate codes by making use of trellis modification. 相似文献
46.
Arquimedes Canedo Ben A. Abderazek Masahiro Sowa 《Journal of Signal Processing Systems》2010,59(1):45-55
Embedded systems are characterized by the requirement of demanding small memory footprint code. A popular architectural modification
to improve code density in RISC embedded processors is to use a reduced bit-width instruction set. This approach reduces the
length of the instructions to improve code size. However, having less addressable registers by the reduced instructions, these
architectures suffer a slight performance degradation as more reduced instructions are required to execute a given task. On
the other hand, 0-operand computers such as stack and queue machines implicitly access their source and destination operands
making instructions naturally short. Queue machines offer a highly parallel computation model, unlike the stack model. This
paper proposes a novel alternative for reducing code size by using a queue-based reduced instruction set while retaining the
high parallelism characteristics in programs. We introduce an efficient code generation algorithm to generate programs for
our reduced instruction set. Our algorithm successfully constrains the code to the reduced instruction set with the addition
of only 4% extra code, in average. We show that our proposed technique is able to generate about 16% more compact code than
MIPS16, 26% over ARM/Thumb, and 50% over MIPS32 code. Furthermore, we show that our compiler is able to extract about the
same parallelism than fully optimized RISC code. 相似文献
47.
An analytical model of low-frequency dispersion of transconductanced in GaAs FETs which have nonuniform profiles of carrier concentration and mobility is reported. The frequency dependence of surface charge density is incorporated into the model as a variation in the source resistance of the FETs. The model explains the low-frequency dispersion of transconductance in GaAs p-n junction FETs (JFETs) and metal-semiconductor FETs (MESFETs), both of which have a channel layer formed by ion implantation. It is suggested that the low-frequency dispersion of transconductance can be attributed to the charge exchange which occurs with the surface states in GaAs FETs 相似文献
48.
Miki K Oride K Kimura A Kuramochi Y Matsuoka H Harada H Hiraoka M Ohe K 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2011,7(24):3536-3547
In this study, amphiphilic brush-like copolymers conjugated with short alkyl or long polymeric chains of various lengths are synthesized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of substituted norbornadiene monomers followed by chemical transformations. These amphiphilic copolymers form spherical self-assemblies in aqueous media with diameters of 132-244 nm. The low critical aggregation concentration of these assemblies (2.5 × 10(-3) -1.4 × 10(-5) g/L) indicates that they are quite stable in dilute conditions. An appropriate length of polymer side chain that conjugates the polymer backbone with a hydrophobic ICG (indocyanine green) moiety enhanced the fluorescence intensities of these self-assemblies in aqueous solution as well as in tumor-bearing mice. A longer side chain conjugated with tumor targeting agents could significantly affect the tumor specificity of self-assemblies to a greater extent. The self-assemblies bearing hydrophilic tumor targeting agents, such as a glucosamine molecule and a cyclic RGD (arginine-glycine-asparatic acid) peptide, accumulated in tumor tissues with high selectivity, while those having a hydrophobic targeting agent, such as folate moieties, accumulated in tumor sites with low selectivity. The results demonstrated here unambiguously indicate that the fluorescence intensity and tumor specificity of self-assemblies are strongly affected by the length of side chains that conjugate with dyes and targeting agents. 相似文献
49.
A Method for Reducing the Dead‐Time Voltage and Impedance Voltage in a Series Voltage Compensator 下载免费PDF全文
Atsushi Nakata Masahiro Nozaki Akihiro Torii Akiteru Ueda 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2014,186(3):85-93
Many research groups are developing series voltage compensators. In a series converter, since a transformer is used in series in the power system, the power system current flows into the voltage source inverter through the transformer. The inverter current, which is determined by the transformation ratio, gives rise to an error voltage that consists of a dead‐time voltage and an impedance voltage. The error voltage is generated even when the reference voltage is zero. This paper describes the mechanism by which the error voltage occurs and proposes a method for reducing the error voltage. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(3): 85–93, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.22333 相似文献
50.
Chiho Miyamaru Mao Koide Nana Kato Shogo Matsubara Masahiro Higuchi 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(2)
We fabricated CaCO3-coated vesicles as drug carriers that release their cargo under a weakly acidic condition. We designed and synthesized a peptide lipid containing the Val-His-Val-Glu-Val-Ser sequence as the hydrophilic part, and with two palmitoyl groups at the N-terminal as the anchor groups of the lipid bilayer membrane. Vesicles embedded with the peptide lipids were prepared. The CaCO3 coating of the vesicle surface was performed by the mineralization induced by the embedded peptide lipid. The peptide lipid produced the mineral source, CO32−, for CaCO3 mineralization through the hydrolysis of urea. We investigated the structure of the obtained CaCO3-coated vesicles using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The vesicles retained the spherical shapes, even in vacuo. Furthermore, the vesicles had inner spaces that acted as the drug cargo, as observed by the TEM tomographic analysis. The thickness of the CaCO3 shell was estimated as ca. 20 nm. CaCO3-coated vesicles containing hydrophobic or hydrophilic drugs were prepared, and the drug release properties were examined under various pH conditions. The mineralized CaCO3 shell of the vesicle surface was dissolved under a weakly acidic condition, pH 6.0, such as in the neighborhood of cancer tissues. The degradation of the CaCO3 shell induced an effective release of the drugs. Such behavior suggests potential of the CaCO3-coated vesicles as carriers for cancer therapies. 相似文献