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221.
Marlène Pérignon Jérôme Lecomte Michel Pina Anne Renault Camille Simonneau-Deve Pierre Villeneuve 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2012,89(1):89-96
The nutritional profile and rheological behaviors of lipids is both due to fatty acid composition and regiodistribution on
external and internal positions of triacylglycerol. Actual methods for regiodistribution analysis having some restrictions,
there is still a need for investigating a safe, simple and environmentally friendly method for the sn-2 position analysis that could especially be used for the analysis of fats containing medium and short chain fatty acids.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the 1,3-selectivity and typoselectivity of Rhizopus oryzae lipase in the presence of short/medium chain fatty acids in partial hydrolysis conditions used for regiodistribution analysis.
Structured triacylglycerols containing eight-carbon-chain length fatty acids in the sn
-2 position were chemically synthesized using DCC/DMAP coupling agent and purification steps by flash-chromatography. The final
product showed very high purity and was used as the substrate for 1,3-selectivity evaluation. Typoselectivity was assessed
by investigating partial hydrolysis of equimolar blends of homogeneous TAG. This study confirmed the 1,3-selectivity of Rhizopus oryzae lipase in the hydrolysis conditions used, and revealed that this lipase was less influenced by fatty acids chain length than
pancreatic lipase. Considering this, Rhizopus oryzae lipase appeared to be a good candidate for regiodistribution analysis of fats containing medium and short chain fatty acids. 相似文献
222.
This study examines the influence of three different minerals, that is, clay, calcium carbonate, and quartz on the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend. Rheological behavior and phase structure were initially studied by small-amplitude oscillatory shear rheology. Clay- and quartz-filled materials presented an increase in viscosity at low frequency associated with the presence of a yield stress. However, this behavior was not observed for calcium carbonate filled materials due to a matrix degradation effect. To elucidate this aspect, thermal stability and thermal properties were examined by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, showing that calcium carbonate promotes degradation of the PLA phase. No nucleating effect was observed in the presence of the minerals. Dynamical mechanical analysis and mechanical characterization revealed an increase of the overall softening temperature and, a reinforcing effect for clay- and quartz-based composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 46927. 相似文献
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225.
The fluid film pressure and temperature fields have been measured simultaneously under laboratory conditions at one land of a circumferential groove journal bearing (CGJB), together with friction torque and oil flow rate, during a time span from stand-still startup to the development of a thermally stabilized steady operating regime.A very fine measurement grid—that is, 216 pressure and 180 temperature points spread across the axial and circumferential directions—has been obtained by joining and synchronizing measurements from separate test runs while rigorously re-creating the test conditions.The study confirmed that the pressure field is established faster than the temperature field, that film rupture occurs both from cavitation nuclei downstream the minimum film thickness and through air ingestion from the environment. Furthermore, the high pressures in the convergent zone stabilize relatively quickly, whereas the low pressures in the divergent zone cavitated region require a longer time to stabilize. The cavitated region reverse flow appearance has been identified thermally through upstream-oriented isotherms. This study is the first to present the transient evolutions of pressure and temperature fields. 相似文献
226.
Majid Shahzad Michel ChaussumierRémy Chieragatti Catherine MabruFarhad Rezai Aria 《Journal of Materials Processing Technology》2010,210(13):1821-1826
The objective of the present work is to show the influence of machining and anodizing processes on fatigue life of alloy 7010-T7451. Two different cutting conditions were employed to obtain two different initial surface roughnesses. Degreasing, pickling and anodizing were then carried out. In the as machined condition, surface roughness is clearly effective in reducing fatigue life in this material. As the surface roughness increases fatigue life decreases and this effect is found to be more pronounced in high cycle fatigue where major portion of fatigue life is consumed in nucleating the cracks. Effects of pre-treatments, like degreasing and pickling employed prior to anodizing, on fatigue life of the given alloy were also studied. Fatigue curves showed that pickling had negative impact on fatigue life of specimens while degreasing showed no change in fatigue life. The small decrease in fatigue life of anodized specimens as compare to pickled specimens is attributed to brittle nature and micro-cracking of the coating. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination revealed multi-site crack initiation for the pickled and anodized specimens. SEM examination also showed that pickling process attacked the grain boundaries and the inclusions present on the surface resulting in pits formation. These pits are of primary concern with respect to accelerated fatigue crack nucleation and subsequent anodized coating formation. 相似文献
227.
Qiao W Shang G Lei FH Trussardi-Regnier A Angiboust JF Millot JM Manfait M 《Ultramicroscopy》2005,105(1-4):330-335
Chemoresistance remains the major obstacle to successful therapy of the lung cancer. The multi-drug resistance (MDR) is generally associated with altered expression of drug transporter proteins, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp). So the distribution of P-gp on the membrane is of great importance to further study the interaction between drug and P-gp. In the present work, the P-gp of the H69/VP small-lung cancer cells was detected using monoclonal antibody UIC2. A secondary goat-anti mouse antibody coupled with biotin was used. The fluorescence emission was detected from a streptavidin-Texas Red. Results were investigated by a homemade scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) coupled to a confocal laser microspectrofluorometer (CLMF). Topographical images and localized spectra were obtained at the level of one cell membrane. It was found that the distribution of P-gp is not homogeneous and this observation is basically in accord with the fluorescent images obtained by classical microscopy. The distribution of P-gp would be localized in a higher region on a cell surface. This methodology would also enhance our understanding of MDR under physiological conditions. 相似文献
228.
A modified Wilhelmy balance technique using thin fibers as solid probes has been applied to study the effect of silicone additives in acrylic resin-based powder coatings on the surface tension of non-reactive binder systems. By measuring the temperature dependence of the surface tension in the temperature range between 140 and 180°C, it could be shown that the silicone additives investigated had a very different surface activity in the molten acrylic resin. Due to the high accuracy of the measuring technique and the good reproducibility of the experiments the influence of different additive concentrations on the surface tension was detectable even at very low concentrations (below 1 wt.%).
Compared to the pure powder coating binder which has a surface tension of about 30 mN/m the values decreased between 2–15 mN/m depending on the type of the silicone additive. In addition, the temperature coefficient −(dγ/dT) of the surface tension of the binder melt was changed. In the case of two additives, the surface tension of the powder coating and its temperature coefficient were lowered considerably. This effect of additives is desirable to reach good wetting and leveling of the powder coating. 相似文献
229.
Philippe Colomban Hellène Courret François Romain Gwenaël Gouadec Daniel Michel 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2000,83(12):2974-2982
Monoclinic and hexagonal forms of celsians (BaAl2 Si2 O8 ) were synthesized by hydrolysis–polycondensation of Si/Al alkoxide mixtures. Dilatometry, Raman scattering, IR absorption, and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to identify various hexacelsian phases and their conversion into the monoclinic phase as a function of thermal treatments and doping. Emphasis is given to the relationship between the shrinkage behavior and the static and dynamic short-range disorders in the XO4 tetrahedra (X = Si/Al) arrangement. The α hexagonal phase exhibits a well-defined α–βHT transition at about 300°C but a statically disorderedβSD form, which does not vary very much with temperature and is very similar to the βHT form obtained below 300°C for some materials. This statically disordered phase is preferentially observed for fast-sintered lithium-free compositions and transforms gradually in the ordered form by annealing above 1100°C. Such stabilization of the high-temperature phase by the static disorder arising from the peculiar synthesis through alkoxide hydrolysis and the gel route, which freeze the dynamic disorder of gel-forming entities in a static disorder at the gelation step, is discussed in the light of previously observed cases. The thermal expansion behavior is very sensitive to the synthesis conditions, doping, and thermal treatments. The ordered α phase is more easily achieved with lithium-doped compositions, but lithium addition shifts the hexagonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation onset toward lower temperatures and promotes complete transformation with thermal annealing. 相似文献
230.
Yanis Caro Pierre Villeneuve Michel Pina Max Reynes Jean Graille 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2000,77(8):891-902
The protein contents in crude latices from various varieties of papaya (Carica papaya) and their catalytic activities in proteolysis, lipolysis, and interesterification reactions were studied with regard to
the variety, the geographic location of cultures, and the frequency of fruit tapping. Biocatalytic activities of these raw
materials were compared to several commercially available crude and purified preparations of papain. These investigations
were carried out in order to have a better physicochemical characterization of these raw materials, to select the adequate
papaya latex for protein or lipid bioconversions, and to valorize them on an industrial scale. For the purified preparations
of papain, only proteolytic activity was obtained. All crude papaya latices exhibit proteolytic, lipolytic, and interesterification
activities, and no relationship between the proteolytic and lipolytic activities was observed. The high multiple correlation
coefficient (R) on the order of R=0.93–0.99, obtained from the regression analysis for the lipolytic and interesterification activities for all crude papaya
latices investigated suggested that there was a correlation between these enzyme activities. However, for the same lipase
preparation, the interesterification activity differed substantially depending on the type of interesterification reaction. 相似文献