Organosilicon deep UV positive resist consisting of poly(p-disilanylenephenylene)

A new class of positive deep ultravoilet (UV) resists consisting of poly(p-disilanylenephenylene)s was developed, in which a disilanylene unit and a phenylene unit are connected alternatively in the polymer main chain. These resists had very high etching resistance against oxygen plasma. The lithographic applications of a double-layer resist system in which the poly(p-disilanylenephenylene) film was used as the top imaging layer were examined. As a result, very high resolution and high contrast were attained. The double-layer resist technique using organosilicon deep UV positive resist appears very promising for lithographic applications.     

Studies on the relationship between antioxidative activity of rice hull and germination ability of rice seeds

An investigation of the germination potentials of seeds of Indica and Japonica rice varieties revealed that while the long-life rice seeds retained the germination ability even on storage for a year at 30°C, the germination ability of the short-life rice seeds tended to decrease when stored beyond 6 months. The role of rice hull constituents in the preservation of the germination property during ageing of rice seeds was investigated with special emphasis on rice antioxidants. Antioxidative assay with chloroform-methanol and methanol-water extracts of hull, bran-germ and grain fractions of two Indica and five Japonica rice varieties indicated that all of the seed varieties belonging to Indica and Japonica possessed a strong antioxidative activity in the hull fraction. Hull extracts of long-life rice seeds showed relatively higher activities than those of short-life rice seeds. In contrast, hull extracts of long-life rice seeds had higher inhibitory effects on lipoxygenase activity than did those of short-life varieties. Quantification of the natural antioxidants indicated that ^α-tocopherol in rice oil to be present in the range of 318.3–450.1 μg g^?1 oil while the amount of oryzanol in the hull, bran-germ and grain fractions of rice was found to be 1.0–5.8, 95.4–279.8 and 3.0–9.4 μg g^?1 sample respectively. The results, however, did not show any positive correlation between the amount of natural antioxidants in rice hull and germination potentials of rice seeds. The amount of total phenolic constituents in rice hull was found to range from 190–390 μg g^?1 sample, the levels being far higher in long-life rice seeds in comparison with the short-life rice seeds. These values seemed to agree well with the germination data of the corresponding rice variety. The investigation revealed a strong influence of the level of phenolic constituents in rice hull on the storability of rice seeds.     

Synthesis of cationic surfactants with alkenyl group

Quaternary ammonium chlorides with long chain alkenyl groups were synthesized by the reaction of tert-amines with alkylallyl chloride which, in turn, were obtained by the allylic chlorination of 1-olefins with N-tert-butyl- or N-cyclohexyl-N-chloro-ethanesulfonamides. Of the two kinds of alkylallyl chlorides prepared by the allylic chlorination of 1-olefins, the γ-alkylallyl chlorides(I), were found to be reactive with tert-amines, while the secondary chlorides, α-alkylallyl chlorides(II), were not so reactive and, when the allylic chloride mixture was reacted with tert-amine under suitable reaction conditions, the γ-alkylallyl chloride could be selectively converted to a quaternary ammonium chloride while the α-alkylallyl chloride was recovered unreacted. The quaternary ammonium chlorides thus obtained were identified as γ-alkylallyl ammonium chlorides from their spectra, and they were shown to possess almost the same surface tension lowering ability as their saturated homologs, although larger critical micelle concentration values and greater water solubilities were observed.     

The intermediate compound in the In2O3-SnO2 system

The In₂O₃-SnO₂ binary system between 1473 and 1873 K has been investigated by TEM observations in detail. The intermediate compound has been detected above 1573 K in the composition range from 47.9 to 59.3 mol% SnO₂, that crystal structure is long range ordered cubic system similar to In₂O₃ phase. On the other hand, below 1473 K, the intermediate compound is decomposed into In₂O₃ and SnO₂ phases, according to the eutectoid reaction.     

Rebound prediction of excavated ground using anisotropic elastic finite element analysis

The finite element method is widely used in predicting the ground rebound on the excavation bottom surface. However, no case has been found where cenisotropie properties of theground were thoroughly analyzed and taken into account. In view of this, the authors conducted the elastic finite element analysis by taking into account the laminar anisotropy of the ground material, and introduced a scale of laminar anisotropy for setting up appropriate ground constants for a ground analysis in a single direction. Analyses by this method from two excavation sites with different ground properties have shown that an accurate rebound can be predicted using an elastic finite element method that considers the anisotropy of the ground.     

Stabilizing control of power system using fuzzy control

This paper presents an application of fuzzy control to enhance power system stability. The proposed control consists of the controller for large disturbance (FU 1), the fuzzy controller for small disturbance (FU 2), and the fuzzy judgment mechanism (FU 3). FU 1 is determined based on the fuzzy controller [FU 1(F)] is determined according to the control rules and its input signals, i.e., speed deviation and acceleration at every sampling time of the machine. FU 2 consists of two controllers, namely, FU 2-ω and FU 2-P; FU 2-ω has the same mechanism as FU 1, while the output signal of FU 2-P is determined according to the rules together with the change of error of electrical power and terminal voltage. To obtain the optimal desired control signal during both the large and the small disturbances, the operations of FU 1 and FU 2 are judged by FU 3, where the magnitude of speed deviation is chosen as its input signal. The determined control signal is fed to AVR of the machine. The implementation of the proposed control is simple due to the small amount of calculations and required data. The effectiveness of the proposed control is demonstrated by the one-machine infinite-bus system model and very good system performance is obtained throughout all the simulations.     

有线与无线技术结合的接入网

通信市场目前正面临着急剧的变化，利用被称作接入网的有线和无线技术的用户接入设备也相应问世，富士通过在局用交换机ＦＥＴＥＸ－１５０及光接入网传输设备中采用了国际标准规格的Ｖ５接口，以推进网络的开放和灵活适应高度复杂化的通信网，另外，为迎接终将到来的多媒体时代，富士通的ＡＴＭ／ＶＯＤ等宽带业务用接入网系统的开发也正在进行。     

Reliability and degradation behaviors of semi-insulating Fe-doped InP buried heterostructure lasers fabricated by movpe and dry etching technique

We clarified the degradation behavior of semi-insulating buried heterostructure lasers in which mesa structures were fabricated by RIE and then buried by MOVPE. The degradation rate and mode correlated with the quality of the BH interface. Based on the correlation, a condition for highly stable SIBH lasers was demonstrated and confirmed experimentally and statistically.