Effect of methyl jasmonate on quality and antioxidant activity of postharvest loquat fruit

BACKGOUND: Loquat fruit is rich in natural antioxidants and has shown a remarkably high antioxidant activity. To search for an effective method for maintaining or even improving antioxidant activity during postharvest storage, we investigated the effect of 10 µmol L^?1 methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on levels of major individual sugars and organic acids, total phenolics, total carotenoids, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity in loquat fruit during storage at 1 °C for 35 days. RESULTS: The MeJA‐treated fruit exhibited significantly lower levels of respiration rate, ethylene production, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and polyphenol oxidase activities, and higher levels of sugars, organic acids, total phenolics and total flavonoids than control fruit. Meanwhile, the treatment also maintained significantly higher antioxidant activity as measured by the scavenging capacity against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and by the reducing power test compared to the control. There was a significant positive linear relationship between total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. CONCLUSION: MeJA treatment can improve the quality and functional properties of harvested loquat fruit by maintaining a higher level of antioxidants and enhancing antioxidant activity. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in China by county

Quantitative relationships among social, economic, and climate parameters, and energy consumption for Chinese provinces, provide data for regression models' estimated rates of energy consumption and emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by county. A nonlinear model was used for domestic coal combustion with total population and annual mean temperature as independent variables. Linear regression models were utilized for all other types of fuel consumption. Monte Carlo simulation demonstrated that emission factors, rather than the regression modeling, constitute the main source of uncertainty in prediction. Models were validated using available energy data of several northern and southern counties of China from the literature. The total PAHs produced by each county is approximately equivalent to the sum of the total emission from energy, coke, and aluminum production.     

Contribution of extracellular polymeric substances from Shewanella sp. HRCR-1 biofilms to U(VI) immobilization

The goal of this study was to quantify the contribution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to U(VI) immobilization by Shewanella sp. HRCR-1. Through comparison of U(VI) immobilization using cells with bound EPS (bEPS) and cells with minimal EPS, we show that (i) bEPS from Shewanella sp. HRCR-1 biofilms contribute significantly to U(VI) immobilization, especially at low initial U(VI) concentrations, through both sorption and reduction; (ii) bEPS can be considered a functional extension of the cells for U(VI) immobilization and they likely play more important roles at lower initial U(VI) concentrations; and (iii) the U(VI) reduction efficiency is dependent upon the initial U(VI) concentration and decreases at lower concentrations. To quantify the relative contributions of sorption and reduction to U(VI) immobilization by EPS fractions, we isolated loosely associated EPS (laEPS) and bEPS from Shewanella sp. HRCR-1 biofilms grown in a hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor and tested their reactivity with U(VI). We found that, when reduced, the isolated cell-free EPS fractions could reduce U(VI). Polysaccharides in the EPS likely contributed to U(VI) sorption and dominated the reactivity of laEPS, while redox active components (e.g., outer membrane c-type cytochromes), especially in bEPS, possibly facilitated U(VI) reduction.     

Purification and characterisation of cathepsin L from the skeletal muscle of blue scad (Decapterus maruadsi) and comparison of its role with myofibril-bound serine proteinase in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins

The modori phenomenon during surimi production is caused by endogenous proteinases, especially cathepsin L and myofibril-bound serine proteinase (MBSP). Cathepsin L from the skeletal muscle of blue scad (Decapterus maruadsi) was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate fractionation and a series of column chromatographies and revealed a single band with molecular mass of 30 kDa on SDS–PAGE. Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) obtained three fragments with 48 amino acid residues, which were highly identical to cathepsin L from other fish species. Its optimal pH and temperature were 5.5 and 55 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, MBSP was purified from the skeletal muscle of blue scad, and the roles of cathepsin L and MBSP in the degradation of myofibrillar proteins were compared. The results indicated that MBSP is more effective than cathepsin L in promoting the degradation of myofibrillar proteins, especially myosin heavy chain (MHC), suggesting that MBSP plays a more significant role.     

探讨基于网络的测绘数据处理系统设计

在使用过去的测绘技术对数据进行处理的时候,必须要用数据处理软件进行平差计算,它需要使用者定期对软件进行升级、维护。因此,出现了一种基于网络的测绘数据处理、存储系统,笔者根据实际情况,针对基于网络的测绘数据处理系统设计进行了探讨。     

离子液体在溶解纤维素和蛋白质方面的研究进展

介绍了离子液体及其目前在溶解纤维和胶原蛋白等方面的研究进展,并对离子液体溶解皮革蛋白的特性及应用前景进行了分析与展望。     

自然环境影响下秦岭北麓乡村空间布局特征初探——以西安长安区留村为例

<正>1秦岭北麓概况秦岭是中国地理气候分界线、重点生物功能区、重要水源涵养区,秦岭北麓紧临关中平原,是关中城市群的绿色生态屏障和重要的水源涵养地。秦岭北麓范围南起秦岭山脉25o线北至环山公路以北1000米,东西长约166公里,南北宽约2-3公里,总面积533.03平方公里(图1)。秦岭北麓扼守着众多的山口、河口和峪口,     

降解黄曲霉毒素微生物筛选中降解与吸附结合作用的区分

黄曲霉毒素的污染不仅带来巨大的经济损失,而且严重危害人和动物的健康,因而生物降解真菌毒素一直引人关注。但在研究黄曲霉毒素微生物降解时,首先必须要有可靠的方法来判定毒素是被降解还是可逆的吸附结合。该文在黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)降解菌株筛选中,对区分降解与吸附结合作用的方法进行了研究,建立了可靠的分析方法,通过比较不同pH的影响,细胞灭活对AFB1去除的影响,分析菌株细胞水洗脱、有机溶剂萃取后AFB1的变化等方法,有效地排除了生物吸附结合以及pH的干扰,区分了降解作用和可逆的吸附作用,这些方法简单实用。据此,从动物粪便中成功筛选到了2株能高效降解AFB1的菌株F4、F7。     

大豆食品豆腥味研究进展

大豆食品营养丰富,含有多种生理活性物质,但是大豆食品中往往具有不同程度的豆腥味,许多人难以接受,从而限制了大豆食品的发展和广泛食用。本文就大豆食品中豆腥味的来源以及豆腥味的消除方法进行了综述。     

Effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene on anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and disease resistance in loquat fruit

BACKGOUND: Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit are susceptible to fungal decay during postharvest storage at ambient temperature. The control of postharvest diseases of loquat is based primarily on the use of synthetic fungicides. To look for an alternative method for disease control, we investigated the effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) on controlling anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum of loquat fruit. RESULTS: 1‐MCP treatment significantly reduced decay incidence of loquat fruit. The treatment markedly inhibited accumulation of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide and maintained higher superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. Meanwhile, 1‐MCP treatment induced higher activities of two defense‐related enzymes—chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase—during 6 days' storage. Furthermore, the treatment inhibited increases in fruit firmness and internal browning index, and maintained higher extractable juice rate, total soluble solids and titratable acidity contents, thereby delaying the development of senescence. CONCLUSION: 1‐MCP was effective in reducing decay and might have enhanced the disease resistance in loquat fruit by increasing chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase, and maintained natural resistance by delaying senescence development. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry