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51.
Jürgen Forster Niels Schmitt Hans Ulrich Simon Thorsten Suttorp 《Machine Learning》2003,51(3):263-281
Concept classes can canonically be represented by matrices with entries 1 and –1. We use the singular value decomposition of this matrix to determine the optimal margins of embeddings of the concept classes of singletons and of half intervals in homogeneous Euclidean half spaces. For these concept classes the singular value decomposition can be used to construct optimal embeddings and also to prove the corresponding best possible upper bounds on the margin. We show that the optimal margin for embedding n singletons is
and that the optimal margin for half intervals over {1,...,n} is
. For the upper bounds on the margins we generalize a bound by Forster (2001). We also determine the optimal margin of some concept classes defined by circulant matrices up to a small constant factor, and we discuss the concept classes of monomials to point out limitations of our approach. 相似文献
52.
A piezoelectric sprayer was recently developed for precision release of odor stimuli in olfactory research. The device replaces conventional dispensers used to release semiochemicals in studies of moth flight toward odor sources. However, the device generates high-frequency sounds in the range that some moths can hear. Ultrasound from the standard set-up sprayer had a considerable impact on flight behavior of the silver Y moth, Autographa gamma, tested in a flight tunnel. It was affected at all behavioral stages when the dispenser was driven at 120 kHz. Only 5% of the moths reached the source when exposed to 120-kHz sound from the dispenser compared to 65% in the control group without sound. The proportion taking flight was also reduced. Hearing threshold curves obtained electrophysiologically revealed that moths were sensitive to the frequency range at which the sprayer was operated and that sound intensity from the sprayer was up to 40 dB above the moths' electrophysiological hearing threshold. The audiogram for A. gamma was similar to audiograms obtained for other noctuids. Hearing sensitivity was highest at around 15 kHz, where the threshold was 35 dB SPL (sound pressure level). The threshold increased with frequency up to 94 dB SPL at 160 kHz. We improved the sprayer to operate at 300 kHz, which is beyond the hearing ability of most insects with ears. At this high frequency, the moths' sensitivity to ultrasound is reduced considerably, and we did not observe any effect on flight behavior compared to a control group without sound. Accordingly, this new piezoelectric sprayer can be used with ultrasound-sensitive insects and insensitive insects alike. 相似文献
53.
Sequestration of Host Plant Glucosinolates in the Defensive Hemolymph of the Sawfly Athalia rosae 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Caroline Müller Niels Agerbirk Carl Erik Olsen Jean-Luc Boevé Urs Schaffner Paul M. Brakefield 《Journal of chemical ecology》2001,27(12):2505-2516
Interactions between insects and glucosinolate-containing plant species have been investigated for a long time. Although the glucosinolate–myrosinase system is believed to act as a defense mechanism against generalist herbivores and fungi, several specialist insects use these secondary metabolites for host plant finding and acceptance and can handle them physiologically. However, sequestration of glucosinolates in specialist herbivores has been less well studied. Larvae of the turnip sawfly Athalia rosae feed on several glucosinolate-containing plant species. When larvae are disturbed by antagonists, they release one or more small droplets of hemolymph from their integument. This reflex bleeding is used as a defense mechanism. Specific glucosinolate analysis, by conversion to desulfoglucosinolates and analysis of these by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array UV spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, revealed that larvae incorporate and concentrate the plant's characteristic glucosinolates from their hosts. Extracts of larvae that were reared on Sinapis alba contained sinalbin, even when the larvae were first starved for 22 hr and, thus, had empty guts. Hemolymph was analyzed from larvae that were reared on either S. alba, Brassica nigra, or Barbarea stricta. Leaves were analyzed from the same plants the larvae had fed on. Sinalbin (from S. alba), sinigrin (B. nigra), or glucobarbarin and glucobrassicin (B. stricta) were present in leaves in concentrations less than 1 mol/g fresh weight, while the same glucosinolates could be detected in the larvae's hemolymph in concentrations between 10 and 31 mol/g fresh weight, except that glucobrassicin was present only as a trace. In larval feces, only trace amounts of glucosinolates (sinalbin and sinigrin) could be detected. The glucosinolates were likewise found in freshly emerged adults, showing that the sequestered phytochemicals were transferred through the pupal stage. 相似文献
54.
Topological design of freely vibrating continuum structures for maximum values of simple and multiple eigenfrequencies and frequency gaps 总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2
A frequent goal of the design of vibrating structures is to avoid resonance of the structure in a given interval for external
excitation frequencies. This can be achieved by, e.g., maximizing the fundamental eigenfrequency, an eigenfrequency of higher
order, or the gap between two consecutive eigenfrequencies of given order. This problem is often complicated by the fact that
the eigenfrequencies in question may be multiple, and this is particularly the case in topology optimization. In the present
paper, different approaches are considered and discussed for topology optimization involving simple and multiple eigenfrequencies
of linearly elastic structures without damping. The mathematical formulations of these topology optimization problems and
several illustrative results are presented.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
55.
Niels Leergaard Pedersen 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2007,33(4-5):387-399
Plates with an internal hole of fixed area are designed in order to maximize the performance with respect to eigenfrequencies.
The optimization is performed by simultaneous shape, material, and orientational design. The shape of the hole is designed,
and the material design is the design of an orthotropic material that can be considered as a fiber-net within each finite
element. This fiber-net is optimally oriented in the individual elements of the finite element discretization. The optimizations
are performed using the finite element method for analysis, and the optimization approach is a two-step method. In the first
step, we find the best design on the basis of a recursive optimization procedure based on optimality criteria. In the second
step, mathematical programming and sensitivity analysis are applied to find the final optimized design. 相似文献
56.
Magnus Fredriksson Niels Saabye Ottosen 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2007,71(2):175-200
Based on the assumed strain method, a simple four-node axisymmetric solid element is introduced. The assumed strain field is carefully selected to preserve the correct rank of the element stiffness matrix and to achieve high accuracy. The strain field is developed in conjunction with orthogonal projections and no matrix inversions are needed. The coarse mesh accuracy in bending and in typical axisymmetric load cases is excellent even for nearly incompressible materials. The strain-driven format obtained is well suited for materials with non-linear stress–strain relations. Several numerical examples are presented where the excellent performance of the proposed simple element is verified. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
57.
The growing interest in modular and distributed approaches for the design and control of intelligent manufacturing systems gives rise to new challenges. One of the major challenges that have not yet been well addressed is monitoring and diagnosis in distributed manufacturing systems. In this paper we propose the use of a multi-agent Bayesian framework known as Multiply Sectioned Bayesian Networks (MSBNs) as the basis for multi-agent distributed diagnosis in modular assembly systems. We use a close-to-industry case study to demonstrate how MSBNs can be used to build component-based Bayesian sub-models, how to verify the resultant models, and how to compile the multi-agent models into runtime structures to allow consistent multi-agent belief update and inference. 相似文献
58.
Toni Barjas Blanco Patrick Willems Po-Kuan Chiang Niels Haverbeke Jean Berlamont Bart De Moor 《Control Engineering Practice》2010,18(10):1147-1157
In this paper the flood problem of the river Demer, a river located in Belgium, is discussed. First a simplified model of the Demer basin is derived based on the conceptual reservoir modeling concept. This model was calibrated to simulations results with a more detailed full hydrodynamic model. Afterwards, the focus is shifted to a nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) which is based on a new semi-condensed optimization procedure combined with a line search approach. Finally, simulations are performed based on historical data in which the NMPC is compared with the current control strategy used by the local water administration. Uncertainties are added to the rainfall predictions in order to assess the robustness of the NMPC. 相似文献
59.
Hidde H. Brongersma Thomas Grehl Niels C.W. Kuijpers Emma R. Schofield Hendrik R.J. ter Veen 《Vacuum》2010,84(8):1005-1007
Low-Energy Ion Scattering (LEIS or ISS) is used to selectively analyze the atomic composition of the outer atomic layer of surfaces. In addition, the spectrum gives (non-destructively) the in-depth distribution. Using a double toroidal energy analyzer with parallel energy detection and time-of-flight filtering a high sensitivity and mass resolution of LEIS is achieved. This is demonstrated for a highly dispersed catalyst of Pt/Au on γ-alumina. The improved depth resolution is illustrated for self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols (12-20 carbon atoms) on gold. Even for these low Z carbon atoms a clear shift of 8 eV/carbon atom is observed (using 1.5 keV 4He+ ion scattering). This opens many new possibilities for studies of ultra-thin diffusion barriers, high-k dielectrics and biosensors. 相似文献
60.
Niels Bassler Johnny W. Hansen Michael H. Holzscheiter the AD-/ACE Collaboration 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2008,266(6):929-936
In this paper we report on the measurement of the antiproton depth-dose curve, with alanine detectors. The results are compared with simulations using the particle energy spectrum calculated by FLUKA, and using the track structure model of Hansen and Olsen for conversion of calculated dose into response. A good agreement is observed between the measured and calculated relative effectiveness although an underestimation of the measured values beyond the Bragg-peak remains unexplained. The model prediction of response of alanine towards heavy charged particles encourages future use of the alanine detectors for dosimetry of mixed radiation fields. 相似文献