MBR与Fenton试剂工艺处理维生素C生产废水的可行性研究

针对现有的维生素C生产废水处理工艺出水不能达标的问题,采用MBR和Fenton试剂对原有废水处理工艺进行提标改造。在MBR系统进水COD的质量浓度为350～650 mg/L,污泥质量浓度为8 000 mg/L,溶解氧的质量浓度为2～3 mg/L,停留时间为20 h时,出水COD的质量浓度可降至120～135 mg/L。再通过Fenton试剂氧化(硫酸亚铁和H2O2的投加量分别为120和80 mg/L),最终出水COD的质量浓度稳定在80 mg/L以下。对于维生素C生产废水处理工艺的选择,MBR-Fenton试剂氧化可作为推荐工艺。     

水溶性苯乙烯-苯乙烯磺酸钠共聚物的合成及分散稳定性能研究

通过均相自由基聚合制备了一种新型的疏水化水溶性苯乙烯-聚苯乙烯磺酸钠共聚物(St-co-NaSS)。考察了原料中苯乙烯磺酸钠的摩尔分数、聚合反应温度、时间、引发剂用量对合成的St-co-NaSS共聚物的分散稳定性能的影响,获得优选的合成工艺参数为:苯乙烯磺酸钠单体的摩尔分数为0.30,引发剂过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)的用量为8.528g·(molNaSS)-1,80℃下反应4h。对St-co-NaSS共聚物的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明当苯乙烯磺酸钠的摩尔分数在0.30以下时,聚合物中苯乙烯、苯乙烯磺酸钠的摩尔比接近原料中单体的摩尔数之比,表明两种主要原料形成均聚物的速度相似。相对于聚苯乙烯磺酸钠,St-co-NaSS共聚物由于其疏水作用,对TiO2悬浮体系具有更为优良的分散稳定性;但对于都具有疏水作用的St-co-NaSS共聚物来说,其对悬浮体系的分散稳定性能依然主要取决于共聚物中苯乙烯磺酸钠单体的含量,即St-co-NaSS共聚物对悬浮液的分散过程中,静电斥力依然起着不可忽视的作用。     

改性VPO催化剂及其环己烷液相氧化反应性能

采用共沉淀法制备了铋改性钒磷氧催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、FTIR、SEM等技术对催化剂进行了表征。以环己烷为原料,H2O2为氧化剂,铋改性的钒磷氧化物为催化剂,研究了氧化合成环己醇和环己酮反应,研究了Bi/V比率、P/V比率、溶剂和反应温度等因素对其反应性能的影响。结果表明,Bi/V比率提高时,环己烷转化率,尤其是环己酮的选择性明显提高。P/V比对改性催化剂活性和结构影响较大,P的加入破坏了V2O5的晶型结构,形成大量磷酸盐物种。在Bi/V摩尔比为0.1、P/V摩尔比为0.92、丙酮为溶剂、65℃的反应条件下,反应8h,环己烷转化率为81.4%,环己酮和环己醇的收率分别为58.2%和23.2%。     

液化天然气排放形成的羽流过程数值研究

大量LNG溢出蒸发后将形成低温云团,对风向下游地面人员可能造成冻伤、燃烧以及缺氧窒息等危险。基于计算流体力学方法,构建了深低温两相多组分流动的Navier-Stokes方程以及湍流封闭方程,考虑了空气中水蒸气由于温度降低到饱和温度以下而相变传质过程。由于气相中氧气等非液化气体的存在,修正了计算水蒸气相变率的Hertz-Knudsen方程。详细给出了计算过程边界条件设置,评估了地球自转引起的科里奥利力影响特性。数值模拟了美国LLNL完成的Burro系列LNG排放羽流实验,发现考虑水蒸气相变的计算结果,相比于未考虑水蒸气相变的计算,更接近实验结果。研究结果对LNG接收终端等安全环境评估及设计有指导意义。     

电镀废水中总氰化物测定的新方法

研究了用丘氏气提定氰器测定电镀废水中总氰化物的条件和方法。实验结果表明，与蒸馏法相比，该法简便安全、分析准确可靠、节电90％以上。     

基于响应面法的立式加工中心动静态多目标优化

为了满足在保证加工中心初始动静态刚度的条件下达到整机轻量化的要求,提出基于质量和第一阶固有频率为目标函数的整机多目标优化设计方法.将有限元分析和模态试验相结合,测试和分析整机动态特性,确保有限元模型精度.通过中心复合设计的试验方法选取合适的结构有限元分析样本点,在ANSYS仿真软件中对样本点处的整机动静态特性进行计算和...     

充液周期管路的轴向振动带隙特性

充液管路的固液耦合振动广泛存在于各种工程领域中,对其振动控制进行研究具有重要意义。将声子晶体思想引入到管路结构设计中,将管壁设计成周期性结构,可以利用带隙特性实现管路的振动控制。利用平面波展开法,计算固液耦合条件下的周期管路结构轴向振动能带结构。计算表明,周期管路结构的轴向振动存在振动带隙,液体耦合效应使振动带隙的频率范围降低。同时分析泊松耦合、管壁厚度等因素对带隙频率范围和宽度的影响。充液周期管路结构的振动带隙特性为管路的振动控制提供了一条新的技术途径。     

商用车六自由度平顺性仿真

针对商用车平顺性问题,建立整车六自由度动力学模型和微分方程。对一整车实例,求解了正弦激励下的位移响应,得到各自由度的固有频率,计算了由车轮不平衡引起的共振车速。模拟了4个车速下汽车驶过三角形凸块的驾驶室垂直加速度响应,结果表明车速越高,加速度响应越小。     

一种新型压缩式垃圾桶的设计与制作

分析介绍了几种常见压缩垃圾桶的性能与结构特点,基于杠杆原理及四杆机构的综合,进行创新设计并制作了一款压缩式垃圾桶。该垃圾桶可以使垃圾在即将满桶时,及时实施垃圾的压缩,以便有效提高垃圾桶的储存能力,较大程度降低环卫工人的劳动强度和对环境的污染程度。     

Multi-scale simulation method with coupled finite/discrete element model and its application

The existing research on continuous structure is usually analyzed with finite element method (FEM) and granular medium with discrete element method (DEM), but there are few researches on the coupling interaction between continuous structure and discrete medium. To the issue of this coupling interaction, a multi-scale simulation method with coupled finite/discrete element model is put forward, in their respective domains of discrete and finite elements, the nodes follow force law and motion law of their own method, and on the their interaction interface, the touch type between discrete and finite elements is distinguished as two types: full touch and partial touch, the interaction force between them is calculated with linear elastic model. For full touch, the contact force is proportional to the overlap distance between discrete element and finite element patch. For partial touch, first the finite element patch is extended on all sides indefinitely to be a complete plane, the full contact force can be obtained with the touch type between discrete element and plane being viewed as full touch, then the full overlap area between them and the actual overlap area between discrete element and finite element patch are computed, the actual contact force is obtained by scaling the full contact force with a factor which is determined by the ratio of the actual overlap area to the full overlap area. The contact force is equivalent to the finite element nodes and the force and displacement on the nodes can be computed, so the ideal simulation results can be got. This method has been used to simulate the cutter disk of the earth pressure balance shield machine (EPBSM) made in North Heavy Industry (NHI) with its excavation diameter of 6.28 m cutting and digging the sandy clay layer. The simulation results show that as the gradual increase of excavating depth of the cutter head, the maximum stress occurs at the roots of cutters on the cutter head, while for the soil, the largest stress is distributed at the region which directl