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51.
The state of the surface of n-GaAs crystals upon high-vacuum microwave plasmachemical (HVMWPC) etching in various gas mixtures and the influence of the semiconductor surface condition on the photoelectric characteristics of related metal-semiconductor-metal structures with double Schottky barrier (MSMDSB structures) are investigated. Dependence of the HVMWPC etching rate of the GaAs surface on the gas mixture composition and substrate temperature is determined. It is shown that the HVMWPC etching regime strongly influences the photoelectric properties of MSMDSB structures: the treatment can lead to either growth or drop in photosensitivity of the samples. Optimum etching regimes are established for which good semiconductor surface quality and high photosensitivity of the MSMDSB structures are retained at a high etching rate. 相似文献
52.
Evaluating and monitoring nucleation and growth in copper foil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ye-Kun Lee Thomas J. O’Keefe 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2002,54(4):37-41
The electrodeposition of copper foil for use in electronic materials applications is a complex and demanding process. The
specific aspects of producing and controlling the structure-property-performance requirements of the foil are important because
of the stringent demands placed on their use in printed circuit boards and similar products. In this paper, a brief review
of the electrodeposition process for raw copper foil is presented. Since electrolyte additives play such a significant role
in the copper-depositionprocess, the effects of two essential additives, chloride ion and an organic (e.g., glue or gelatine),
on the foil are described. Also, the influence of other operating parameters on the initial nucleation, growth, and subsequent
electrocrystallization are discussed. Selected characterization methods, such as polarization and scanning electron micrography
techniques, are described as a means of monitoring the process, but universally accepted methods of evaluating and controlling
the additives and foil quality during electrolysis are still being sought. 相似文献
53.
N. A. Sivov A. I. Martynenko G. N. Bondarenko M. P. Filatova E. Yu. Kabanova N. I. Popova A. N. Sivov E. B. Kruts’ko 《Petroleum Chemistry》2006,46(1):41-59
Structures and compositions of the monomers guanidine acrylate and guanidine methacrylate, their homopolymers, and copolymers with diallyldimethylammonium chloride enriched in acrylate comonomer units were determined. It was shown that ampholytic copolymers, owing to their ionic nature, contained comonomeric guanidine acrylate or methacrylate units and diallyldimethylammonium chloride units, as well as the acrylate comonomer with the diallyl counterion and polymeric acrylate and diallyl ion pairs. It follows from IR and 1H NMR data that guanidine methacrylate has the same structure (with two hydrogen bonds) in the solid state and in solutions. Guanidine acrylate structures in the solid state and in dimethylsulfoxide are identical and analogous to guanidine methacrylate structure in this solvent. In water, the guanidine acrylate structure has another type of hydrogen bonding (with one hydrogen bond, where the proton is shifted toward the guanidine group). These features of hydrogen bonding of guanidine acrylate and guanidine methacrylate are also retained in their homopolymers and copolymers with diallyldimethylammonium chloride. It was shown that the thermal stability of the copolymers was higher than that of their homopolymers, confirming the formation of intramolecular ion pairs of oppositely charged units of ampholytic copolymers. Moreover, the thermal stability of guanidine methacrylate-diallyldimethylammonium chloride copolymers is higher than that of guanidine acrylate-diallyldimethylammonium chloride copolymers. 相似文献
54.
N. Roussel S. Staquet L. D’Aloia Schwarzentruber R. Le Roy F. Toutlemonde 《Materials and Structures》2007,40(9):877-887
Casting simulations of self-compacting concrete are carried out in order to obtain a value of the minimum fluidity needed to cast a VHPC precambered composite beam. The mix proportioning of the concrete takes into account this minimum value. The numerical predictions are finally compared with the experimental observations during two casting tests and the real casting of the two 13 m beams. Although the simplifying assumptions needed to carry out the simulations are numerous, there is an agreement between the predictions and the real casting. 相似文献
55.
A. M. Kut’in V. S. Polyakov M. F. Churbanov G. E. Snopatin 《Inorganic Materials》2007,43(9):1018-1023
Using a flow method, we have measured the vapor pressure of tellurium tetraiodide, an attractive reagent for chemical vapor deposition technology. The results, combined with earlier tensimetric data, have been used to evaluate the basic thermodynamic functions of TeI4 and its thermolysis products. 相似文献
56.
A. D. Pogrebnyak M. V. Il’yashenko V. S. Kshnyakin V. V. Ponaryadov Sh. M. Ruzimov Yu. N. Tyurin 《Technical Physics Letters》2003,29(12):1028-1030
Chromium carbide-nickel coatings were deposited onto a technical grade copper substrate by means of a high-velocity plasma
jet of a plasmatron operating in specially selected regimes. An analysis of the coatings showed evidence of the formation
of a Ni-based solid solution, a complex chromium carbide (Cr7C3), and an fcc crystal phase with a lattice parameter of 3.614 Å. The surface of the coatings exhibits a characteristic relief
resulting from a dynamic interaction between melted and fused particles of the initial powder. The local hardness on some
areas of the surface and in depth of the coating reaches 66±4.5 HRC, while the coating adhesion strength varies from 25 to
300 MPa. 相似文献
57.
V. V. Andrikanis B. V. Andreev K. B. Rudyak F. V. Karpeko A. V. Ivanov N. N. Parsent’ev V. S. Nikitchenko G. V. Danilov I. A. Sinel’nikov 《Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils》2006,42(3):229-234
Increasing attention at oil refineries is being focused on solving environmental problems caused by stiffening of the requirements
for emissions of harmful substances into air and water. Advanced technologies that reduce the effect of industrial enterprises
on the environment to the minimum are becoming increasingly in demand. Treatment of process wastewaters to remove hydrogen
sulfide and ammonia is one such problem of the modern refinery with cat crackers.
__________
Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 52–55, May–June, 2006. 相似文献
58.
L. Ya. Karachinsky T. Kettler N. Yu. Gordeev I. I. Novikov M. V. Maximov Yu. M. Shernyakov N. V. Kryzhanovskaya A. E. Zhukov E. S. Semenova A. P. Vasil’ev V. M. Ustinov N. N. Ledentsov A. R. Kovsh V. A. Shchukin S. S. Mikhrin A. Lochmann O. Schulz L. Reissmann D. Bimberg 《Semiconductors》2005,39(12):1415-1419
Lasers based on InAs/InGaAs quantum dots grown on metamorphic (In,Ga,Al)As layers deposited by MBE on GaAs substrates exhibited emission near 1.5 μm with a differential quantum efficiency of about 50%. The narrow-stripe lasers operate in a single transverse mode and withstand continuous current density above 20 kA cm?2 without significant degradation. A maximum continuous-wave output power of 220 mW is obtained. Neither current nor beam filamentation was observed up to the highest pumping levels. 相似文献
59.
N. N. Belov Yu. A. Biryukov A. T. Roslyak N. T. Yugov S. A. Afanas’eva 《Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering》2005,39(3):307-312
A new circulation pneumatic crusher capable of producing submicron powders of refractory materials is presented. A mathematical model is constructed for the dynamic breaking of ceramic macroparticles. This model allows the basic laws of shock-wave crushing in the circulation pneumatic apparatus to be analyzed.__________Translated from Teoreticheskie Osnovy Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, Vol. 39, No. 3, 2005, pp. 327–333.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Belov, Biryukov, Roslyak, Yugov, Afanas’ev. 相似文献
60.
A new phenomenon accompanying the electrolysis of salts has been observed, whereby an ordered composite is formed under certain conditions (electrolyte composition, current density). The composite comprises an inorganic salt crystal penetrated by metal nano- and microwires. This phenomenon can serve as a basis for the technology of oriented and ordered nanowire array synthesis. 相似文献