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排序方式: 共有2303条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
71.
Arkady Zgonnikov Ihor Lubashevsky Shigeru Kanemoto Toru Miyazawa Takashi Suzuki 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2014,11(99)
Understanding how humans control unstable systems is central to many research problems, with applications ranging from quiet standing to aircraft landing. Increasingly, much evidence appears in favour of event-driven control hypothesis: human operators only start actively controlling the system when the discrepancy between the current and desired system states becomes large enough. The event-driven models based on the concept of threshold can explain many features of the experimentally observed dynamics. However, much still remains unclear about the dynamics of human-controlled systems, which likely indicates that humans use more intricate control mechanisms. This paper argues that control activation in humans may be not threshold-driven, but instead intrinsically stochastic, noise-driven. Specifically, we suggest that control activation stems from stochastic interplay between the operator''s need to keep the controlled system near the goal state, on the one hand, and the tendency to postpone interrupting the system dynamics, on the other hand. We propose a model capturing this interplay and show that it matches the experimental data on human balancing of virtual overdamped stick. Our results illuminate that the noise-driven activation mechanism plays a crucial role at least in the considered task, and, hypothetically, in a broad range of human-controlled processes. 相似文献
72.
73.
Ryuta Shigefuku Hideaki Takahashi Hiroyasu Nakano Tsunamasa Watanabe Kotaro Matsunaga Nobuyuki Matsumoto Masaki Kato Ryo Morita Yousuke Michikawa Tomohiro Tamura Tetsuya Hiraishi Nobuhiro Hattori Yohei Noguchi Kazunari Nakahara Hiroki Ikeda Toshiya Ishii Chiaki Okuse Shigeru Sase Fumio Itoh Michihiro Suzuki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2016,17(9)
The progression of chronic liver disease differs by etiology. The aim of this study was to elucidate the difference in disease progression between chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by means of fibrosis markers, liver function, and hepatic tissue blood flow (TBF). Xenon computed tomography (Xe-CT) was performed in 139 patients with NAFLD and 152 patients with CHC (including liver cirrhosis (LC)). The cutoff values for fibrosis markers were compared between NAFLD and CHC, and correlations between hepatic TBF and liver function tests were examined at each fibrosis stage. The cutoff values for detection of the advanced fibrosis stage were lower in NAFLD than in CHC. Although portal venous TBF (PVTBF) correlated with liver function tests, PVTBF in initial LC caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH-LC) was significantly lower than that in hepatitis C virus (C-LC) (p = 0.014). Conversely, the liver function tests in NASH-LC were higher than those in C-LC (p < 0.05). It is important to recognize the difference between NAFLD and CHC. We concluded that changes in hepatic blood flow occurred during the earliest stage of hepatic fibrosis in patients with NAFLD; therefore, patients with NAFLD need to be followed carefully. 相似文献
74.
Inside Cover: Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for Surugamide A Encompasses an Unrelated Decapeptide,Surugamide F (ChemBioChem 18/2016)
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75.
Dynamic mechanical properties of three‐component composites (acrylic polymer/epoxy/SiO2) in the glass‐transition region
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Hideyuki Uematsu Takashi Nishimoto Shuichi Tanoue Yoshiyuki Iemoto Yuji Aoki Masataka Sugimoto Kiyohito Koyama 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2014,131(13)
In previous studies, we reported the linear and nonlinear rheological properties of three‐component composites consisting of acrylic polymer (AP), epoxy resin (EP), and various SiO2 contents (AP/EP/SiO2) in the molten state. In this study, the dynamic mechanical properties of AP/EP/SiO2 composites with different particle sizes (0.5 and 8 μm) were investigated in the glass‐transition region. The EP consisted of three kinds of EP components. The α relaxation due to the glass transition shifted to a higher temperature with an increase in the volume fraction (?) for the AP/EP/SiO2 composites having a particle size of 0.5 μm, but the α relaxation scarcely shifted for the composite having a particle size of 8 μm as a general result. This result suggested that the SiO2 nanoparticles that were 0.5 μm in size adsorbed a lot of the low‐glass‐transition‐temperature (Tg) component because of their large surface area. The AP/SiO2 composites did not exhibit a shift in Tg; this indicated that the composite did not adsorb any component. The modulus in the glassy state (E′g) exhibited a very weak &phis; dependence for the AP/EP/SiO2 composites having particle sizes of 0.5 and 8 μm, although E′g of the AP/SiO2 composites increased with &phis;. The AP/EP/SiO2 composites exhibited a peculiar dynamic mechanical behavior, although the AP/SiO2 composites showed the behavior of general two‐component composites. Scanning electron microscopic observations indicated that some components in the EP were adsorbed on the surface of the SiO2 particles. We concluded that the peculiar behavior of the AP/EP/SiO2 composites was due to the selective adsorption of the EP component. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40409. 相似文献
76.
77.
Makoto Tanaka Mikio Taguchi Tsuysohi Takahama Toru Sawada Shigeru Kuroda Takao Matsuyama Shinya Tsuda Akio Takeoka Shoichi Nakano Hiroshi Hanafusa Yukinori Kuwano 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》1993,1(2):85-92
A new solar cell structure named HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin layer) has been developed based on new artificially constructed junction (ACJ) technology. In this structure a non-doped a-Si thin layer was inserted between the p(a-Si)/n(c-Si) heterojunction, improving the output characteristics and achieving a conversion efficiency of 18.1%. This structure was applied to cast polycrystalline silicon solar cells of a practical size. A high conversion efficeincy of 13.6% was obtained with a cell size of 10 cm × 10 cm using various technologies, including hydrogen plasma passivation. 相似文献
78.
Monosodium glutamate (GluNa)-compounded starch was prepared by heat-moisture treating a mixture of tapioca starch and GluNa. GluNa-compounded starch exhibited a higher gelatinization temperature and reduced swelling and solubility, essentially lower hardness of the granule center, and paste viscosity than those of the heat-moisture treated tapioca starch and the untreated starch. However, its appearance, unit chain length distribution, and α-amylase digestibility were similar to those of the heat-moisture treated tapioca. It is thus concluded that GluNa compounding is useful for providing a unique type of starch that possesses a less swollen and viscous texture than that produced with simple heat-moisture treatment. 相似文献
79.
N. Aoki S. Furukawa K. Sato Y. Kurokawa Y. Takahashi H. Itabashi 《Journal of dairy science》2010,93(9):4189-4195
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with the disaccharides trehalose and cellobiose on antioxidant activity in rumen fluid, blood, and milk of dairy cows. Nine Holstein dairy cows housed in a free-stall barn were divided into 3 groups, with each group receiving a different dietary treatment (a control diet, a 1% trehalose-supplemented diet, or a 1% cellobiose-supplemented diet) following a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Feed intake and milk production increased in cows receiving the trehalose-supplemented diet compared with those receiving the control and cellobiose-supplemented diets. The total protozoa numbers in the rumen fluid of cows fed trehalose- or cellobiose-supplemented diets were greater than those of the control group. The C18:0 and C18:1 fatty acid content was increased in the milk of cows fed the trehalose-supplemented diet compared with that of the control group, and the C18:3n-3 fatty acid content in the milk of cows fed the cellobiose-supplemented diet was less than that of the control group. Plasma biochemical parameters were unchanged among the different treatments. In rumen fluid, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase activity were increased 2 h after feeding in cows receiving the cellobiose-supplemented diet compared with the control group, and the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the rumen fluid of cows fed the cellobiose-supplemented diet was decreased. In contrast, the values of these parameters measured in the milk of cows fed the cellobiose-supplemented diet were no different from those of control cows. Dietary supplementation with trehalose did, however, bring about an improvement of the oxidative status of milk and blood in these animals compared with controls. These results provide the first evidence supporting the use of dietary disaccharides to decrease lipid peroxide levels and increase the antioxidant content of dairy cow milk. The findings suggest that disaccharides, particularly trehalose, might be useful as supplements for reducing oxidative stress and improving the quality of milk for human consumption, as well as possibly impairing the processes that give rise to lipid oxidation odor in dairy cow milk. 相似文献
80.
Masaharu Kamei Sumiko Ohgaki Tamotsu Kanbe Isao Niiya Haruo Mizutani Isao Matsui-Yuasa Shuzo Otani Shigeru Morita 《Lipids》1995,30(6):533-539
We investigated the relationship between dietary highly hydrogenated soybean oil (HSO) and cholesterol transport in rats.
In the first study, to examine the effects of cholesterol transport of different concentrations of HSO in dietary oil, rats
were given one of the three diets containing 0, 25, or 50% HSO in dietary oil with cholesterol (5 g/kg diet) or a diet without
HSO and cholesterol for 22 d. Feeding the high concentration of HSO prevented the increase in plasma total cholesterol, hepatic
total lipids, and cholesterol and the decrease in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, which were caused by dietary cholesterol.
Moreover, HSO increased the fecal excretion, fecal lipids, and steroids in a dose-dependent manner. In the second study, to
examine the effects on cholesterol transport of redistribution of stearic acid in the triacylglycerol species contained in
HSO, rats were given one of the six diets containing HSO (distearoylmonoacylglycerol and tristearoylglycerol)-rich, monostearoylglycerol-rich,
or palmitic acid-rich oil with/without cholesterol (5 g/kg diet), for 30 d. Whereas the accumulation of cholesterol in the
body was reduced, cholesterol excretion was enhanced effectively in rats given the HSO-rich diet compared with rats given
the monostearoylglycerol-rich diet. These results suggested that not only the high concentration of stearic acid but also
its uneven distribution in HSO-triacylglycerol contributed to the reduction in intestinal cholesterol absorption in rats. 相似文献