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151.
Modelling capability for products to be designed and manufactured plays an important role in order to effectively construct and utilize CAD/CAM systems. Product models should represent all the information about products, which is utilized in manufacturing processes. Therefore it is required that they describe functional structures of machine products, and include not only geometric information but also various non-geometric data, such as physical, technological and management data. Presently there do not seem to exist definite methods or theories for constructing product models. In this paper, we first investigate the whole manufacturing process, and propose a system structure for integration of CAD/CAM, in which product modelling plays a fundamental role. Then requirements for product modelling are studied thoroughly, and a new representation framework for product models is proposed. It consists of an object concept called frame, relations among frames and attributes, and it can incorporate the existing various modelling capabilities, such as solid modelling. We use this representation framework in combination with our solid modelling package GEOMAP-III, and show the effectiveness of this approach by performing illustrative design experiments. 相似文献
152.
The static magnetization of 3He film adsorbed on sintered silver powder has been measured for coverages from 0.10 to 0.54 atoms/»2 in steps of 0.02 atoms/»2 and at a coverage of 4.5 atoms/»2. Below 0.20 atoms/»2 the magnetization well obeys the Curie law, while above that coverage a ferromagnetic tendency appears. The coverage dependence of the magnetization greatly differs from that for graphite. At 0.23 atoms/»2 the magnetization has apeak like that for graphite; however, the magnitude of the peak is not so large. Furthermore, a multipeak structure is found in the isotherm of the magnetization at 0.2 mK. It has two prominent peaks at 0.23 and 0.29 atoms/»2, and two other peaks are found at 0.35 and 0.41 atoms/»2. These appear periodically with an interval of 0.06 atoms/»2, which is nearly equal to the coverage of one liquid layer. 相似文献
153.
Carbonaceous spherules of mesophase were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction to precisely
clarify its structure. A series of thin sections were cut from a single spherule with a microtome, and the three-dimensional
lamellar structure of the spherule investigated. From 002 dark-field images and selected area electron diffractions (SAD),
it was observed that the spherule was of the Brooks-Taylor type, with the lamellae being parallel even at the poles of the
spherule. Structural changes within the spherule was studied following carbonization and graphitization. The structure of
the resultant coke was essentially that of spherule of mesophase. Size of the lamellae increased as well as. The number of
stacking lamellae also increased, but a rapid increase was not seen. The spherules of mesophase show a high degree of homogeneity
and an excellent degree of graphitization. 相似文献
154.
Takegawa Y Deguchi K Ito S Yoshioka S Nakagawa H Nishimura S 《Analytical chemistry》2005,77(7):2097-2106
Neutral and acidic (sialylated) 2-aminopyridine-derivatized (PA) oligosaccharides were analyzed by using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/IT MS) with a sonic spray ionization (SSI) source. Under the RP-HPLC separation using a buffer of 1 mM ammonium acetate (pH4.3) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min, both PA-oligosaccharides in the negative-ion mode showed a comparable degree of ionization efficiency, differing from that of the positive-ion mode, which exhibits a wide gap between their ionization efficiencies. In addition, the ion intensities of both PA-oligosaccharides were higher in the negative-ion mode than in the positive-ion mode. These results strongly suggest that the negative-ion mode of SSI-MS is suitable for simultaneous analysis of neutral and acidic (sialylated) oligosaccharides in RP-HPLC/MS. In the present study, RP-HPLC/SSI-IT MS in the negative-ion mode was used in the analysis of PA-oligosaccharides from human serum and its usefulness was investigated. As a result, 32 neutral and sialylated PA-oligosaccharides from human serum were identified with differentiating isomeric oligosaccharides and relatively quantified by a single HPLC/MS run. This method is useful for simple and rapid analysis of the overall distribution of neutral and sialylated oligosaccharides in a complex sample such as serum. 相似文献
155.
156.
157.
AKIO KATO ATSUNOBU TAKAHASHI NAOTOSHI MATSUDOMI KUNIHIKO KOBAYASHI 《Journal of food science》1983,48(1):62-65
A new method was established to estimate the foaming properties of proteins from the conductivity of foams using a simple apparatus that consisted of a glass column with the conductivity cell. A close correlation was observed between the initial conductivity of foams and the foam volumes of heat-denatured ovalbumins or 11 native proteins, suggesting that the initial conductivity of foams can be used as a measure of foaming power. In addition, a close correlation was obtained between the foam stability determined from changes in the conductivity and foam volume with time of heat-denatured ovalbumins or 11 native proteins, suggesting that foam stability also can be estimated from changes in the conductivity of foams. The advantages of the conductivity measurements are to determine the foaming properties more simply and accurately than the currently used methods. 相似文献
158.
A ferritic stainless steel (SUS436L), which was subjected to various kinds of reduction ratio was precharged with hydrogen at 40°C in 15% HCl solution by employing galvanic reaction with zinc. Tensile tests were performed in air at room temperature on both uncharged and charge specimens. Finite element method (FEM) analyses were carried out to obtain strain at panel corners under various different internal radii in a thermal storage tank when it was subjected to internal pressure. As a result, it was found that the value of internal corner radius?thickness of the panel (R?t) should be more than about 2 in order to prevent hydrogen embrittlement cracking. 相似文献
159.
160.
Yan H Neogi SB Mo Z Guan W Shen Z Zhang S Li L Yamasaki S Shi L Zhong N 《International journal of food microbiology》2010,144(2):310-316
A total of 2177 food samples collected from nine cities in northern China during 2005 to 2007 were screened for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. All L. monocytogenes isolates were subjected to serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), as well as PCR screening to identify genes responsible for tetracycline resistance [tet(L), tet(M), tet(K), tet(S) and tet(B)], transposon Tn916, and class 1 integron. Contamination with L. monocytogenes was detected in 4.13% (90/2177) of the total samples representing various food products. The pathogen was mainly isolated from frozen food made of wheat flour or rice products (26/252, 10.32%) and raw meat products (46/733, 6.28%). Besides, 3.31% (10/302) of cooked meat, 1.17% (4/343) of seafood, 0.98% (2/204) of non-fermented bean products and 0.62% (2/323) of vegetables samples were contaminated by this bacterium. The L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to five serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 4b, and 3a), with serotype 1/2a being dominant (48.88%). Antimicrobial resistance was most frequently observed for ciprofloxacin (17.8%), tetracycline (15.6%) and streptomycin (12.2%). Overall, resistance was observed against 14 out of 18 antimicrobials tested while multiple resistances occurred among 18.9% (17/90) isolates. Interestingly, two isolates were resistant to more than five antimicrobials. Among 14 tetracycline-resistant isolates, 13 carried tet(M) gene including nine possessing Tn916, and one harbored tet(S) gene. PFGE analysis revealed genetic heterogeneity among individual serotypes as well as scattered occurrence of some genotypes without any clear-cut correlation to source or food type. The widespread distribution of epidemiologically important serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b and 4b) of L. monocytogenes, and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics indicate a potential public health risk. Our data also indicate that L. monocytogenes could act as a reservoir of mobile tet genes along the food chain. 相似文献