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91.
Shinji Kuroda Susumu Komiyama 《Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves》1991,12(7):783-797
Far-infrared laser oscillation due to cyclotron emission in the light hole band of p-type germanium was observed under crossed electric and magnetic fields. The wavelength is inversely proportional to magnetic fields with a cyclotron mass ofm c =0.048m c . Numerical calculations based on Luttinger Hamiltonian show that mixing of wavefunctions between the light and heavy hole bands causes population inversion betweenn=0 andn=1 light-hole Landau levels. It is also shown that non-equidistant energy spacing of light-hole Landau levels is essential to yield net amplification. 相似文献
92.
Yoshio Iwai Shinji Miyamoto Hideaki Ikeda Yasuhiko Arai Shigetoshi Kobuchi Yuji Sano 《Polymer Engineering and Science》1993,33(6):322-327
The mutual diffusion coefficients for styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)-n-nonane systems were measured using a sorption apparatus with a quartz spring at 100 and 130°C for mass fractions of n-nonane ranging from 0 to 0.16. The mutual diffusion coefficients were correlated with good agreement by the free-volume theory. 相似文献
93.
94.
Giant room-temperature magnetoresistance in single-crystal Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is the key to developing magnetoresistive random-access-memory (MRAM), magnetic sensors and novel programmable logic devices. Conventional MTJs with an amorphous aluminium oxide tunnel barrier, which have been extensively studied for device applications, exhibit a magnetoresistance ratio up to 70% at room temperature. This low magnetoresistance seriously limits the feasibility of spintronics devices. Here, we report a giant MR ratio up to 180% at room temperature in single-crystal Fe/MgO/Fe MTJs. The origin of this enormous TMR effect is coherent spin-polarized tunnelling, where the symmetry of electron wave functions plays an important role. Moreover, we observed that their tunnel magnetoresistance oscillates as a function of tunnel barrier thickness, indicating that coherency of wave functions is conserved across the tunnel barrier. The coherent TMR effect is a key to making spintronic devices with novel quantum-mechanical functions, and to developing gigabit-scale MRAM. 相似文献
95.
Liang Y Nakamura S Cui L Johkura K Ogiwara N Sasaki K 《Journal of electron microscopy》2004,53(1):93-97
Three-dimensional microlocalization of adhesion molecules, i.e. ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule), VCAM-1 (vascular adhesion molecule), LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen), Mac-1 (macrophage differentiation antigen) and VLA-4 (very late activation antigen), expressed on type-A synoviocyte (macrophage-like cell) and type-B synoviocyte (fibroblast-like cell), were detected by immuno-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the immunoreactive microenvironment of the superficial synovial intima in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced arthritis of the mouse knee. Type-B synoviocytes extended rich slender processes from the periphery and constructed a cytoplasmic network, to which ICAM-1 was restricted. VCAM-1 was expressed only in the LPS-stimulated group and was relatively limited to the microvilli of type-B synoviocytes. Type-A synoviocytes were located randomly among the network with a smoother surface and expressed Mac-1 and LFA-1, which were counter-receptors for ICAM-1, and VLA-4 for VCAM-1 on the microvilli or lamellipodia. Three-dimensional microlocalization of adhesion molecules suggests that the network constructed by cytoplasmic processes and microvilli of type-B synoviocytes forms the pathway for the migration or the foothold for the fixation of type-A synoviocytes and takes part in forming an immunoreactive environment in the articular cavity. 相似文献
96.
KEIJI KOBAYASHI 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1976,59(1-2):9-11
Chromium centers in isolated Cr ions and Cr(III)-Cu(II) redox interactions were investigated by optical and EPR spectra. Line shapes and intensities of high-field Cr(III)-Cu(II) superimposed EPR absorption lines were sensitive to alkali content of host glasses. High-field chromium g values (1.94 to 1.99) and intensities (190 to 3600) were calculated. The increase in g values from 1.96 to 1.98 is related to an increase in Cr(V) and to a conversion from Cu(I) to Cu(II) with increased alkali content. Two components of Cr powder spectra near g = 2.0 and g = 5.0 correspond to isolated octahedral Cr centers described by Landry et al. Cr-Cr pair structure was not observed for low Cr2 O3 concentrations. Three components of optical absorption bands near 340 nm, 430 to 460 nm, and 600 nm were measured in Cr(III)-Cu(II) redox systems. Electronic interactions of Cr(III)-Cu(II) redox systems and the structure of Cr centers are discussed. 相似文献
97.
In emulsion polymerization, the Smith and Ewart theory gives about two or three times the number of polymer particles obtained by experiment. In this paper, a reaction model is proposed which, from the standpoint of reactor design, can give an adequate explanation of the whole course of an emulsion polymerization of monomer highly insoluble in water. Among other things, the generating process of polymer particles is examined in detail. It is demonstrated experimentally that a new parameter proposed here, which represents the degree of difficulty of monomer initiation in micelles, is indispensable in explaining that process. Also confirmed is that monomer initiation takes place more easily in polymer particles than in micelles. According to the new model, the progress of polymerization, i.e., monomer conversion, the number of the polymer particles, and properties of polymer thus produced can be estimated with satisfactory accuracy. Furthermore, approximate equations are derived for easier estimation. 相似文献
98.
Takayoshi Mamiya Hiroshi Kambara Shinji Kishishita 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2001,122(3-4):367-377
We have observed an excess heat capacity in liquid and bcc solid 3He at low temperatures. The heat capacity in the normal fluid is found to be the sum of the heat capacity of bulk normal fluid and a temperature-independent heat capacity C due to amorphous solid layers on the silver sinter surface, where C=7.3±6.8 JK–1m–2 corresponds to 1.6±0.6 amorphous solid layers. The heat capacity for bcc solid 3He is the sum of the heat capacity originating from the multiple-exchange interaction and a temperature independent heat capacity. The excess heat capacity C=12.1±3.1 JK–1m–2 for bcc solid corresponds to 1.9±0.3 amorphous solid layers. Our result indicates that the amorphous solid layers on an amorphous substrate yield a universal C in unit area throughout liquid, solid and adsorbed 3He. 相似文献
99.
高灰熔点煤高温下煤焦CO2/水蒸汽气化反应特性的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
我国煤炭年产量中,1400℃以上的高灰熔点煤约占50%以上。为探索固态排渣方式的高灰熔点煤气流床气化,本文选出具有代表性的三种高灰熔点煤种和一种低灰熔点煤种,在TGA-51H型高温热天平上进行了煤焦-CO2和煤焦-水蒸汽气化反应特性的实验研究,并利用SEM考察了气化条件下煤焦及灰的微观结构。实验结果表明:在煤焦-CO2、H2O反应过程中,反应速度明显表现出高温区域的扩散反应和低温区域的化学反应;无论在1273K~1573K的低温区域,还是在高于1573K的高温区域,反应速率随燃料比(FC/V)的增加而减小。 相似文献
100.
Kanami Ikegami Tomoya Kawashima Shinji Hayashi Norihisa Moriya 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2007,15(3):193-197
Abstract— A polymerizable liquid crystal (PLC), the orientation of which can be frozen, is useful for making retardation layers. In this paper, a new color filter (CF) with retardation‐controlling layers made of PLC is reported. It has a positive A‐plate and a negative C‐plate, both directly stacked on a color‐filter layer. These two retardation layers exhibit good orientation ability, and function well as retarders, even when they are only 1/10 or less as thick as ordinary retardation films. The new CF also has excellent thermal stability. The change in retardation after heat treatment at 200°C for 30 min is around 5%, and there is no observable peeling. A prototype VA‐LCD made with our new CF provides good optical compensation, with the light leakage being extremely low in all azimuthal directions. This technology is very useful for making thin, highly reliable color filters for LCDs, even with other modes. 相似文献