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71.
Si/graphite composite materials embedded with polymer microsphere as an elastic inactive phase were prepared by high-energy mechanical milling and investigated as a high capacity anode material for lithium rechargeable battery. Improved capacity retention was achieved with the composite. In situ measurement of the electrode thickness revealed that the swelling of the electrode became smaller with the increase of polymer microsphere content. It is believed that polymer microsphere played a buffering role of accommodating the mechanical strains induced by silicon expansion during lithiation, resulting in the suppression of the volume expansion of the electrode, which improved the cycle performance of the electrode. 相似文献
72.
Effect of Silica Surface Dopants on the Formation of Alumina/Aluminum Composites by the Directed Metal Oxidation of an Aluminum Alloy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study focused on clarifying the effect of SiO2 surface dopants on the formation of Al2 O3 /aluminum composites, especially on oxidation phenomena during the incubation period. The present results showed that a surface dopant decreased the incubation period of an Al-Mg-Si alloy, as well as that of an Al-Mg alloy, and that addition of an external surface dopant decreased the incubation period more effectively than did an internal alloying of silicon. A two-step oxidation process was also conducted. In the first step of the process, an aluminum alloy was oxidized without a surface dopant and cooled to room temperature during the incubation stage. In the second step, the same specimen was surface-doped with SiO2 powder and reoxidized. The incubation time for the specimen subjected to the two-step oxidation process was the same as that for the single-step specimen oxidized with a surface dopant. The substantial decrease in the incubation period, especially for the Al-Mg alloy, is ascribed to interaction between the SiO2 surface dopant and the MgO layer. This interaction made the MgO layer thinner and increased the number of magnesium vacancies in the MgO layer, thus providing an appropriate microstructure in the MgO layer for bulk-growth initiation. 相似文献
73.
Earthquake time-history analyses have been performed for a buried gas pipeline of API 5L Grade X65, which is popularly used in Korea. For this purpose, various parameters such as the type of buried gas pipeline, end-restraint conditions, soil characteristics, single and multiple earthquake input ground motions, and burial depths are selected. A comparative study has been performed to obtain the response characteristics of strains in a buried pipeline section, axial relative displacement, and transverse relative displacement. The capacity evaluation of the pipeline with respect to the response characteristics has been performed in comparison with the allowable strain and displacement capacity in axial and transverse directions, as suggested by the Guidelines for the Seismic Design of Buried Gas Pipelines, KOGAS. The present study is expected to provide useful information for an effective seismic evaluation of a buried gas pipeline. 相似文献
74.
Richard Hahnkee KimSeok Ju Kang Insung BaeYeon Sik Choi Youn Jung ParkCheolmin Park 《Organic Electronics》2012,13(3):491-497
In this study, we investigated the molecular and microstructures of thin poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoro ethylene) (PVDF-CTFE) copolymer films with three different CTFE compositions of 10, 15, 20 wt% with respect to PVDF in relation with their ferroelectric properties. All PVDF-CTFE annealed at 130 °C showed consecutive TTTT trans conformation with β type crystals while films molten and re-crystallized from a temperature above their melting points exhibited α type crystals with characteristic TGTG conformation. Microstructures of the films treated with the two different thermal histories also supported the formation of β and α type crystals with hundreds of nanometer scale sphere caps and micron level spherulites, respectively. Interestingly, PVDF-CTFE films with both α and β type crystals gave rise to relatively high remnant polarization of approximately 4 μC/cm2 in metal/ferroelectric/metal capacitors regardless of the composition of CTFE. The ferroelectric polarization of a PVDF-CTFE film independent of thermal processing history allowed a wide processing window and easy fabrication protocol, resulting in a non-volatile ferroelectric field effect transistor memory which exhibited saturated hysteresis loops with the current ON/OFF ratio of approximately 103 at ±60 V sweep and reliable data retention. 相似文献
75.
Dual throat nozzle (DTN) is fast becoming a popular technique for thrust vectoring. The DTN is designed with two throats, an upstream minimum and a downstream minimum at the nozzle exit, with a cavity in between the upstream throat and exit. In the present study, a computational work has been carried out to analyze the performance of a dual throat nozzle at various mass flow rates of secondary flow and nozzle pressure ratios (NPR). Two-dimensional, steady, compressible Navier-Stokes equations were solved using a fully implicit finite volume scheme. The present computational results were validated with available experimental data. Based on the present results, the control effectiveness of thrust-vectoring is discussed in terms of the thrust coefficient and the coefficient of discharge. 相似文献
76.
Polyimide (PI)/modified layered double hydroxide (m‐LDH) nanocomposites were prepared in this study. For this work, m‐LDHs were prepared from layered double hydroxides (LDHs) through an anionic exchange reaction with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), succinic acid or terephthalic acid. PMDA and 4,4′‐oxydianiline were used to make the poly(amic acid) precursor for PI. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements confirmed that the PMDA‐modified LDH (PMH) and terephthalic acid‐modified LDH (TMH) were well dispersed in the PI matrix. For the succinic acid‐modified LDH, some of the LDH was intercalated with the succinic acid molecules but most maintained its original structure. Thus, the PI/PMH and PI/TMH nanocomposites exhibited improved mechanical, thermal and electrical properties compared to pure PI. The PMH has aromatic groups and is expected to have better π–π interactions with the PI chains than the other m‐LDHs. Thus, the PI/PMH nanocomposites exhibited the best properties among the nanocomposites investigated. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
77.
Ki Nam Kim Byung Sik Kim Gyeong Su Shin Myung Chul Park Deok Hyun Lee Seon Jin Kim 《Metals and Materials International》2011,17(4):587-592
Newly developed self-lubricating Fe-Cr-C-Mn-Cu cast composite alloys were investigated to study the role of Cu-rich second
phase particles which smear on the wear surface during sliding. The wear resistance of the material was improved with an increasing
copper concentration. The improved wear resistance was probably obtained by forming a protective tribofilm, which prevented
metal-to-metal contact through smearing of the embedded Cu-rich second phase particles. This formation of protective oxide
films during sliding is likely to improve the wear resistance of austenitic Fe-Cr-C-Mn-Cu cast composite alloys. 相似文献
78.
It is becoming more important to realize CO2‐capturing power generation systems (PGSs) for drastically decreasing an amount of CO2 emission into the atmosphere. However, net power generation efficiency (NPGE) of a CO2‐capturing system has been considered to be greatly deteriorated, since capturing CO2 requires extra energy. This paper proposes a new CO2‐capturing PGS that has a high‐efficient NPGE by utilizing waste heat from factories. As an example of a waste heat, exhaust gas with temperature 200°C from refuse incinerator plants is adopted. In the proposed system, the temperature of saturated steam produced by utilizing the waste heat is raised by combusting fuel with the use of pure oxygen in a combustor, and is used as the main working fluid of a gas turbine PGS. It is estimated that the proposed system has a fuel‐to‐electricity NPGE of 59.3%, when turbine inlet temperature (TIT) is assumed to be 1000°C. The economics of the proposed system is also evaluated and the CO2 reduction cost is estimated to be small; 4.16 U.S. $ t−1 CO2 compared with 32.1 U.S. $ t−1 CO2 for a conventional steam turbine PGS. It is shown that CO2‐capturing is not cost consuming but becomes to be profitable owing to improved power generation characteristics, when its TIT is increased from 1000 to 1200°C. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
79.
Genki Kobayashi Shin‐ichi Nishimura Min‐Sik Park Ryoji Kanno Masatomo Yashima Takashi Ida Atsuo Yamada 《Advanced functional materials》2009,19(3):395-403
State‐of‐the‐art LiFePO4 technology has now opened the door for lithium ion batteries to take their place in large‐scale applications such as plug‐in hybrid vehicles. A high level of safety, significant cost reduction, and huge power generation are on the verge of being guaranteed for the most advanced energy storage system. The room‐temperature phase diagram is essential to understand the facile electrode reaction of LixFePO4 (0 < x < 1), but it has not been fully understood. Here, intermediate solid solution phases close to x = 0 and x = 1 have been isolated at room temperature. Size‐dependent modification of the phase diagram, as well as the systematic variation of lattice parameters inside the solid‐solution compositional domain closely related to the electrochemical redox potential, are demonstrated. These experimental results reveal that the excess capacity that has been observed above and below the two‐phase equilibrium potential is largely due to the bulk solid solution, and thus support the size‐dependent miscibility gap model. 相似文献
80.
Jae Ho Yang Kun Woo Song Keon Sik Kim Youn Ho Jung 《Journal of Nuclear Materials》2006,353(3):202-208
A new fabrication process of UO2-W composite fuel has been studied in order to improve the thermal conductivity of the UO2 pellet by the addition of a small amount of W. A fabrication process was designed from the phase equilibria among tungsten, tungsten oxides and UO2. The conventionally sintered UO2 pellet which contains W particles is heat-treated in an oxidizing gas and then in a reducing gas. In the oxidizing heat-treatment W particles are oxidized and liquid tungsten oxide penetrates within the UO2 grain boundary, and in the reducing heat-treatment liquid oxide is transformed to solid tungsten which forms a continuous channel along the UO2 grain boundary. This developed technique can provide a continuous W channel covering UO2 grains for a UO2-W composite fuel even with a small amount of a metal phase - below 6 vol.%. The thermal diffusivity of the UO2-6 vol.%W cermet composite increases by about 80% when compared with that of a pure UO2 pellet. 相似文献