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71.
72.
Surface characteristics of the bovine oocyte and its investments before, during, and after maturation, and fertilization in vitro were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Oocyte diameters were also measured during SEM analysis of the oocyte. The cumulus cells manifested a compact structure with minimal intercellular spaces among them in the immature oocytes. These became fully expanded with increased intercellular spaces after maturation in vitro, but contracted again after fertilization. The zona pellucida (ZP) showed a fibrous, open mesh-like structure in the maturing and matured oocytes. The size and number of meshes on the ZP decreased dramatically after fertilization. The vitelline surface of immature oocytes was characterized by distribution of tongue-shaped protrusions (TSPs) varying in density. After 10 and 22 hr of maturation incubation, oocyte surface microvilli (MV) increased to become the predominant surface structure, and TSPs decreased substantially. The vitelline surface of fertilized oocytes (at 6 and 20 hr) was similar to that of the matured oocytes, but unfertilized oocytes had less dense MV than did fertilized oocytes (at 20 hr). The diameter of the oocytes decreased from 99 to 80 microns during maturation and increased to 106 microns after insemination (P < 0.05). Membrane maturation was characterized by surface changes from a TSP-predominant pattern to a MV-predominant pattern. Thus, the bovine oocyte maturation process was found to involve the expansion of cumulus cells and the maturation of the ZP, which changes dramatically upon fertilization. Also, volumetric changes occurred in ooplasm processed for SEM following oocyte maturation and insemination. 相似文献
73.
Production of uniform droplets using membrane, microchannel and microfluidic emulsification devices 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
G. T. Vladisavljevi? Isao Kobayashi Mitsutoshi Nakajima 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2012,13(1):151-178
This review provides an overview of major microengineering emulsification techniques for production of monodispersed droplets. The main emphasis has been put on membrane emulsification using Shirasu Porous Glass and microsieve membrane, microchannel emulsification using grooved-type and straight-through microchannel plates, microfluidic junctions and flow focusing microfluidic devices. Microfabrication methods for production of planar and 3D poly(dimethylsiloxane) devices, glass capillary microfluidic devices and single-crystal silicon microchannel array devices have been described including soft lithography, glass capillary pulling and microforging, hot embossing, anisotropic wet etching and deep reactive ion etching. In addition, fabrication methods for SPG and microseive membranes have been outlined, such as spinodal decomposition, reactive ion etching and ultraviolet LIGA (Lithography, Electroplating, and Moulding) process. The most widespread application of micromachined emulsification devices is in the synthesis of monodispersed particles and vesicles, such as polymeric particles, microgels, solid lipid particles, Janus particles, and functional vesicles (liposomes, polymersomes and colloidosomes). Glass capillary microfluidic devices are very suitable for production of core/shell drops of controllable shell thickness and multiple emulsions containing a controlled number of inner droplets and/or inner droplets of two or more distinct phases. Microchannel emulsification is a very promising technique for production of monodispersed droplets with droplet throughputs of up to 100?l?h?1. 相似文献
74.
The preparation and characterization of indium oxide (InO
x
)/tin oxide (SnO
y
) multilayered films deposited by ion-beam sputtering are described and compared with indium tin oxide (ITO) films. The structure and the optoelectrical properties of the films are studied in relation to the layered structures and the post-deposition annealing. Low-angle X-ray diffraction analysis showed that most films retained the regular layered structures even after annealing at 500° C for 16 h. As an example, we obtained a resistivity of 6×10–4 cm and a transparency of about 85% in the visible range at a thickness of 110 nm in a multilayered film of InO
x
(2.0 nm)/SnO
y
(0.2 nm)×50 pairs when annealed at 300° C for 0.5 h in air. Hall coefficient measurements showed that this film had a mobility of 17 cm2 V–1 sec–1 and a carrier concentration (electron density) of 5×1020 cm–3. 相似文献
75.
The mechanism of the pressure-induced tenderization of meat has not been fully established in spite of its beneficial effect. To detect the changes in the large structural proteins of the myofibrils induced by pressurization without heat treatment, high hydrostatic pressure (100-300 MPa) was applied to rabbit at-death skeletal muscle for 10 min at low temperature (0-2°C). Significant differences in the electrophoretic pattern of connectin (also called titin) in isolated myofibrils were observed between the control and pressurized muscle samples. The conversion of α-connectin (2800 kDa) to β-connectin (2100 kDa) was accelerated with increasing pressure applied to the muscle; also nebulin (800 kDa) was degraded by pressure treatment. From the results it is clear that the degradation of connectin is induced by pressurization alone without heat treatment. If the conversion of α-connectin to β-connectin during conditioning has some influence on meat tenderization, the pressure-induced conversion of α- to β-connectin is possibly one of the causes of pressure-induced tenderization of meat. 相似文献
76.
M. Jiménez-Melendo J. P. Riviére T. Suzuki H. Koizumi J. Castaing A. Domínguez-Rodríguez 《Journal of Materials Science》1992,27(13):3589-3593
NiO single crystals prepared by two crystal growth techniques (zone melting in an arc-image furnace and Verneuil crystallization have been deformed by compression along 001 at temperatures as low as 4.2 K, and the dislocation substructure observed by transmission electron microscopy. The Peierls mechanism has been suggested as the mechanism controlling the mechanical behaviour at the lower temperatures. The dislocations generated at cavities found in the zone-melted crystals may be responsible for the increase of the flow stress of these crystals compared with the Verneuil ones. 相似文献
77.
The surface tension of liquid3He and4He was measured near the gas-liquid critical points in the reduced temperature range 3×10–4–1, where t (T
c
–T)/T
c
. The critical exponents were found to be 3=1.289±0.015 for3He and 4=1.306±0.017 for4He. These values are very close to those for classical liquids, and are consistent with the value of 1.28 predicted by Widom, but are apparently different from the exponents previously obtained for liquid helium isotopes, which are near unity. The critical coefficients show good agreement with the quantum-corrected corresponding states theory for the Lennard-Jones 6–12 potential discussed by Young. The interface thickness is deduced from Widom's theory to bed=d
0t–v withd
30=0.14±0.03nm and v3=0.57±0.04 for3He, andd
40=0.37±0.07 nm and v4=0.58±0.01 for4He. 相似文献
78.
79.
Mio Yamaguchi Kiyoshi Takagi Koki Narita Yasuhiro Miki Yoshiaki Onodera Minoru Miyashita Hironobu Sasano Takashi Suzuki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(4)
Chemokines secreted from stromal cells have important roles for interactions with carcinoma cells and regulating tumor progression. C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 5 is expressed in various types of stromal cells and associated with tumor progression, interacting with C-C chemokine receptor (CCR) 1, 3 and 5 expressed in tumor cells. However, the expression on CCL5 and its receptors have so far not been well-examined in human breast carcinoma tissues. We therefore immunolocalized CCL5, as well as CCR1, 3 and 5, in 111 human breast carcinoma tissues and correlated them with clinicopathological characteristics. Stromal CCL5 immunoreactivity was significantly correlated with the aggressive phenotype of breast carcinomas. Importantly, this tendency was observed especially in the CCR3-positive group. Furthermore, the risk of recurrence was significantly higher in the patients with breast carcinomas positive for CCL5 and CCR3 but negative for CCR1 and CCR5, as compared with other patients. In summary, the CCL5-CCR3 axis might contribute to a worse prognosis in breast cancer patients, and these findings will contribute to a better understanding of the significance of the CCL5/CCRs axis in breast carcinoma microenvironment. 相似文献
80.
T. Yang B.H. LiDepartment of Materials Physics University of Science Technology Beijing Beijing ChinaK. Kang T. SuzukiInformation Storage Materials Laboratory Toyota Technological Institute Nagoya - Japan 《金属学报(英文版)》2003,16(4):261-265
(FePt/Ag)n nano-multilayers were deposited on MgO (100) single crystal with laser ablation and then subjected to annealing. FePt L1o grains with (001) texture and thus a large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constant Ku of the order of 106 J/m3 were formed. A thick Ag layer is found to be favorable for decreasing the dispersion of the easy axis for magnetization. The measurement of time decay of magnetization gave rise to a small activation volume of the order of 10-25m3, showing the promising of being the recording medium for future high density perpendicular recording. 相似文献