介孔磷酸盐材料及其应用前景

介绍了介孔磷酸铝、介孔磷酸锆、介孔磷酸钛、介孔磷酸铁锂、介孔磷酸镍、介孔稀土磷酸盐、介孔磷酸盐陶瓷材料等的研究现状及其在新型纳米材料、功能材料、抗菌材料、催化等方面的应用前景,并对我国介孔磷酸盐材料的开发提出了建议。     

丝锥全生命周期参数对攻丝性能影响的研究

采用正交试验法完成了HSS/Co-M35含钴高速钢丝锥加工Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的攻丝试验。利用极差分析法研究了丝锥全生命周期参数即丝锥前角(刀具设计参数)、刃口钝化半径(刀具制造参数)、主轴转速(刀具使用参数)对攻丝性能的影响。利用综合评分法将扭矩max、轴向切削力max和切削温度max等3项攻丝性能指标转化为单一综合切削性能指标y*i,分析结果表明:攻钛合金时丝锥全生命周期参数取刃口钝化半径0.01 mm,丝锥前角10°,主轴转速150 r/min时最优。通过试验与数值模拟获得的扭矩值及趋势、切屑形态及切削刃对比图,验证了在Advant Edge FEM软件中建立的丝锥攻Ti-6Al-4V钛合金模型的可靠性。     

波纹内翅片管外水的冻结特性实验研究

通过测量管内低温气体、管壁温度分布及冰层图相,分析了波纹内翅片管管内传热热阻、管壁温度和冰层增长的变化特性。结果表明:内翅片管管内传热阻仅为光管的6.65%,由管壁至管内低温气体的热流量大大增加,因此,管外冰层增长速度在距入口250 mm和500 mm处分别约为光管的4.2倍和1.7倍。冰层热阻占整个耦合传热总热阻的比例更大,以至于管外冰层热阻的增加引起管壁和管内气体温度的降低。由于内翅片管管内低温气体沿轴向温升更大,使其冰层厚度沿轴向斜率远大于光管。     

Experimental measurements of effective diffusion coefficient of oxygen–nitrogen mixture in PEM fuel cell diffusion media

PEM fuel cells are increasingly designed to operate at high current densities. At these densities, mass transport limitations become very significant, but they are not well understood, with many modeling studies but few experimental observations. The use of accurate transport coefficients to simulate the mass transport at high current densities is crucial. In this study, experimental measurements have been carried out to determine the effective diffusion coefficient in the carbon paper gas diffusion layer that is commonly used in PEM fuel cells. It was found that almost all the existing theoretical models significantly overpredict the effective diffusion coefficient by as much as 4–5 times; thus, underestimating the transport limitations considerably. Further, the effects of temperature, Teflon treatment for hydrophobicity and porosity on the effective diffusion coefficient were investigated. It was found that temperature does not affect the overall diffusibility of the gas. The diffusibility is decreased with the increase of Teflon treatment and decrease in porosity. Further work on better understanding the diffusion process in the gas diffusion layer is under way.     

白酒检测技术在生产中的应用研究进展

白酒检测是对白酒进行深层次研究的必备手段,对控制白酒质量、指导生产、维持白酒市场稳定等有着积极作用。该文总结了色谱技术、光谱技术、核磁共振技术以及仿生传感器技术在白酒检测中应用现状及研究成果,分别阐述了不同检测技术在品牌、产地、酒龄鉴别、品质监控,真伪鉴别以及风味物质测定,等级划分等方面的应用情况,并对不同检测技术的建模方法在实际应用中存在的优势与不足进行对比分析。针对目前白酒检测过程中的难点与不足,对白酒检测技术在白酒生产、质量控制、市场维护中的应用发展进行展望,可为白酒的数字化发展以及从业人员的研究工作提供参考。     

Geometric condition of 3UPS-S parallel mechanism in singular configuration

The existing researches on singularity of parallel mechanism are mostly limited to the property and regularity of singularity locus and there is no further research into the geometric relationship between uncontrolled kinematic screw and parallel mechanism in singularity. A 3UPS-S parallel mechanism is presented which fulfils 3-DOF in rotation. The regularity of nutation angle singularity is analyzed based on the Jacobian matrix, and the singularity surface of 3UPS-S parallel mechanisms is obtained. By applying the concept of reciprocal product in screw theory, the singular kinematic screw is derived when 3UPS-S parallel mechanism is in singularity. The geometric relationship between singular kinematic screw and singular configuration of 3UPS-S parallel mechanism is investigated by using programs in MATLAB. It is revealed that there are two kinds of situation. Firstly, the three limbs of 3UPS-S parallel mechanism intersect the singular kinematic screw in space simultaneously; Secondly, two limbs cross the singular kinematic screw while the third limb parallels with that screw. It is concluded that the nutation angle singularity of 3UPS-S parallel mechanism belongs to the singular linear complexes. This paper sheds light into and clarifies the geometric relationship between singular kinematic screw and singular configuration of 3UPS-S parallel mechanism.     

油气田地面工程建设冬季施工管理

为保证如期投产,在迪那2气田油气处理厂建设中开展了冬季施工。冬季施工是北方地区油气田地面工程建设的重要组成部分,其特点是持续时间长、施工条件差、施效率低。针对此特点,确定前期准备、质量控制、安全管理等几个环节的合理工作程序,确保施工顺利完成。     

Carbon monoxide poisoning of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance degrades when carbon monoxide (CO) is present in the fuel gas; this is referred to as CO poisoning. This paper investigates CO poisoning of PEMFCs by reviewing work on the electrochemistry of CO and hydrogen, the experimental performance of PEMFCs exhibiting CO poisoning, methods to mitigate CO poisoning and theoretical models of CO poisoning. It is found that CO poisons the anode reaction through preferentially adsorbing to the platinum surface and blocking active sites, and that the CO poisoning effect is slow and reversible. There exist three methods to mitigate the effect of CO poisoning: (i) the use of a platinum alloy catalyst, (ii) higher cell operating temperature and (iii) introduction of oxygen into the fuel gas flow. Of these three methods, the third is the most practical. There are several models available in the literature for the effect of CO poisoning on a PEMFC and from the modeling efforts, it is clear that small CO oxidation rates can result in much increased performance of the anode. However, none of the existing models have considered the effect of transport phenomena in a cell, nor the effect of oxygen crossover from the cathode, which may be a significant contributor to CO tolerance in a PEMFC. In addition, there is a lack of data for CO oxidation and adsorption at low temperatures, which is needed for detailed modeling of CO poisoning in PEMFCs. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自动络筒机护纱板圆角加工及抛光工艺

护纱板是络筒机纱路方向控制的重要零件,由于零件与纱线直接接触和相对运动原因,要求其工作表面和护纱周边圆角光滑、圆顺。文章根据自动络筒机护纱板零件的加工特点和加工工艺要求进行了分析和探讨。     

快中子脉冲反应堆厅内空气中裂变产物污染的研究

本文研究了快中子脉冲反应堆大厅内空气中裂变产物的污染问题。通过对ＣＦＢＲ－Ⅱ快中子脉冲反应堆爆发额定产额脉冲（１．５３×１０１６裂变）后，厅内气溶胶的取样和γ谱分析，确定了裂变产物从黄铜壳内空气中释放到厅内空气中形成气溶胶的释放份额为５×１０－３。利用此释放份额计算了厅内空气中不同放射性核素的气溶胶浓度；还计算了该堆爆发额定产额脉冲后不同冷却时间ｔ厅内空气中无分凝混合裂变产物的导出空气浓度ＤＡＣ（ｔ）值，为该堆辐射安全分析和现场辐射防护提供了依据。