Surface Analysis of Cr2O3‐, CoO‐, and Al2O3‐Doped Iron–Phosphate Glasses at High Temperature

Surface structures of iron–phosphate glasses were examined using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cr₂O₃, CoO, and Al₂O₃ were introduced to the glass by the replacement of a part of Fe₂O₃, and the simulated fission products are also added. The obtained glasses showed high chemical durabilities by MCC‐1 test. In situ high‐temperature and room‐temperature XPS measurements were conducted on the polished sample surfaces and also those after 1‐week chemical durability test. Unique trends were observed in XPS spectra on heating and after the chemical durability test, respectively. Nature of the glass surface of iron–phosphate glasses was explained from the point of view of surface energy, and the origin of high chemical durability and the effect of chromium ions were discussed based on the changes on surface composition and valence states of transition‐metal ions.     

Changes in serum lipoprotein (a) levels related to hyperlipidemia during pregnancy--comparing normal pregnancy and toxemia of pregnancy

The aim of this 2-year study funded by the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting was to examine the relationship between teaching, support, supervision and role modelling in student clinical learning within the context of Project 2000 courses. The research, using a two-stage case-study design, employing predominantly qualitative methods of data collection, investigated the perceptions of students, tutors and practitioners of their experiences of these processes in the clinical setting. This paper focuses on the findings obtained from the practitioner data, high-lighting not only the significant role played by practitioners in facilitating student learning, but also the implications for practitioners in undertaking this role. The preparation required for supervising clinical learning, the integration of theory and practice and the organization of patient care have been identified as particularly important to the development of effective clinical learning environments.     

Indications for cisternal irrigation with urokinase in postoperative patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

The melatonin binding sites in membrane preparations of the young mouse thymus were studies using [125I] iodomelatonin as the radioligand. Effect of epinephrine (E) on melatonin receptor (MR) of young mouse thymus were investigated. Results: (1) E had inhibitory effect on MR of mouse thymus; (2) Propranolol could reverse the inhibitory effect of E but phentolamin could not; (3) cAMP had inhibitory effect on MR. These results indicate that E has the inhibitory effect on MR of the mouse thymus and the effect was mediated by beta-adrenergic receptor.     

Amelioration of methotrexate-induced malabsorption by vitamin A

Since the early 1960s the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) has been one of the most frequently used standardized methods in international psychiatric research. The BPRS is used mainly for the rating of psychopathological symptoms of schizophrenic subjects. According to the results of factorial analyses, the original version of the BPRS is divided into five subscales, which have been preserved in the German translation. The validity of this original scale structure for the German BPRS version has not been investigated, however. A principal-components analysis of the 18 BPRS items carried out on the data of 301 schizophrenics yielded four factors that are comparable with four of the original subscales: Thought disturbance, Hostility/suspiciousness, Anxiety/depression, and Anergia. These results are compared with earlier findings and similarities and differences are discussed.     

An investigation of liquid film thickness during solutal Marangoni condensation using a laser absorption method: Absorption property and examination of measuring method

The objective of the study is to establish a method for measuring the thickness of thin condensates of liquid mixtures using a laser light absorption method during the process of water–ethanol Marangoni dropwise condensation. First, the extinction property of the test material, with unknown properties related to infrared laser light having a wavelength of 3.39µm, was measured. Next, measurements were made of the variations in condensate film thickness after the sweeping of the heat transfer surface by departing drops in the Marangoni dropwise condensation cycle. The precision of this method was investigated on the basis of the extinction coefficient of the test material and the thickness of the liquid film. Results showed that this method provides good precision and is applicable to the measurement of other similar materials. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 32(8): 700–711, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.10124     

An alternating method based on the VNA solution for analysis of damaged solid containing arbitrarily distributed elliptical microcracks

This paper presents the development of an alternating method for the interaction analysis of arbitrary distributed numerous elliptical microcracks. The complete analytical solutions (VNA solutions) for a single elliptical crack in an infinite solid, subject to arbitrary crack-face tractions, are implemented in the present alternating method, together with the coordinate transformations for stress tensors. First, the present method is verified by solving the problems of two interacting cracks for which accurate numerical solutions have been obtained previously. Next, the present method demonstrates obtaining efficient and accurate solutions for the problems of many interacting elliptical cracks, which cannot be solved in a practical sense by the ordinary numerical methods such as the finite element method. Furthermore, damaged solids containing periodically distributed elliptical microcracks are analyzed by the present alternating method. The effective elastic moduli are evaluated for varying microcrack density. Detailed structures of the interactions in the damaged solids are visualized and clarified. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.