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81.
JM Rumsey BC Donohue DR Brady K Nace JN Giedd P Andreason 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,54(12):1481-1489
The influence of ionic strength and composition on the binding and inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by glycosaminoglycans with variable degree and position of sulfation was investigated. The kinetic mechanism of inhibition had a hyperbolic, mixed-type character with a competitive component that was promoted by low ionic strength, reduced by phosphate ions, and which also depended on the substrate and glycosaminoglycan structure. Enzyme binding was a cooperative phenomenon that varied with ionic strength and composition. The inhibition patterns correlated with the cationic character of elastase and with the distribution of arginines on its molecular surface, most notably with residues located in the vicinity of the substrate binding region. The order of affinity for elastase binding was chondroitin 4-sulfate < chondroitin 6-sulfate < dermatan sulfate, iduronate-containing derivatives being superior with respect to the glucuronate-containing counterparts. Additional sulfation at both the 4- and 6- positions or at the N- and 4-positions of the N-acetylgalactosamine moiety decidedly improved the inhibitory efficiency. The results highlight a fundamental physiological role of enzyme-glycosaminoglycan interactions. In the azurophil granule of the human polymorphonuclear neutrophil, elastase and other enzymes are bound to a matrix of chondroitin 4-sulfate because this is the only glycosaminoglycan that simultaneously offers good binding for enzyme compartmentalization together with prompt release from the bound state at the onset of phagocytosis. 相似文献
82.
83.
P Virsik-Peuckert M Rave-Fr?nk U Langebrake H Schmidberger 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,148(3):209-215
The modulatory role of locally produced cyclooxygenase products and endothelium-derived nitric oxide in controlling vascular tone was investigated in bovine intra-mammary artery. Vascular reactivity initiated by vasoactive compounds, endothelin-1 (ET-1), bradykinin (BK), and substance P (SP) was measured isometrically in an isolated tissue bath. The effects of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (10(-5) M) and an inhibitor of nitric oxide production, N omega-Nitro L-Arginine (L-NNA: 3 x 10(-4) M) were determined during agonist-mediated responses. Indomethacin alone markedly enhanced vascular contraction produced by ET-1, while L-NNA did not. Inhibition of endothelium-derived nitric oxide synthesis by L-NNA, however, significantly attenuated BK- and SP-induced vascular relaxations, whereas indomethacin had slight influence. The potentiation between indomethacin and L-NNA in regulating vasomotor tone was not observed in this vascular bed. Thus, it appeared that both the cyclooxygenase and endothelium-derived nitric oxide pathways participated in modifying vascular reactivity. Domination of one pathway over the other depended upon the agonist used to stimulate vascular tissue. 相似文献
84.
85.
V. I. Shtykov 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》1998,32(8):459-462
Conclusions 1. Use of dewatering systems based on voidless drainage is most effective when dewatering slightly permeable soils in regions
with a deep seasonal frost.
2. Two-story drainage with the upper and lower stories spaced 30 m apart accelerates the discharge of gravitational water
from the arable layer. Results of observations on two-story drainage in experimental-production sections indicated that it
discharges 2 – 3.8 times more water than systematic tubular drainage with an interdrain spacing of 10 m and a 0.2-m thick
three-dimensional filter of a sandy-gravelly mixture.
3. It is recommended to use crushed stone and porous-clay gravel with a fineness of 10 – 20 mm as a filler. In that case,
protection of the drain filler is, as a rule, required only from the intrusion of soil from above during construction in cohesive
soils with a plasticity indexW
p≥7.
4. seepage rate in a voidless drain should be lower than the scouring velocity for the soil in which the voidless drainage
is placed. In the opposite case, it is necessary to lower the grade of the drains or select a filler gradation such that the
seepage rate in the drain be lower than the scouring velocity.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel’stvo, No. 8, pp. 41–43, August, 1998. 相似文献
86.
Jan van Eijck 《Formal Aspects of Computing》1994,6(1):766-787
Presuppositions of utterances are the pieces of information you convey with an utterance no matter whether your utterance is true or not. We first study presupposition in a very simple framework of updating propositional information, with examples of how presuppositions of complex propositional updates can be calculated. Next we move on to presuppositions and quantification, in the context of a dynamic version of predicate logic, suitably modified to allow for presupposition failure. In both the propositional and the quantificational case, presupposition failure can be viewed as error abortion of procedures. Thus, a dynamic assertion logic which describes the preconditions for error abortion is the suitable tool for analysing presupposition. 相似文献
87.
88.
Moser L.E. Melliar-Smith P.M. Agrawala V. 《Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on》1994,5(5):459-473
Presents protocols for determining processor membership in asynchronous distributed systems that are subject to processor and communication faults. These protocols depend on the placement of a total order on broadcast messages. The types of systems for which each of these protocols is applicable are characterized by the properties of the communication mechanisms and by the availability of stable storage. In the absence of stable storage or of a mechanism for distinguishing promptly delivered messages, the authors show that no membership protocol can exist. They also discuss their experience in implementing these membership protocols 相似文献
89.
We present new methods for load balancing of unstructured tree computations on large-scale SIMD machines, and analyze the scalability of these and other existing schemes. An efficient formulation of tree search on an SIMD machine consists of two major components: a triggering mechanism, which determines when the search space redistribution must occur to balance the search space over processors, and a scheme to redistribute the search space. We have devised a new redistribution mechanism and a new triggering mechanism. Either of these can be used in conjunction with triggering and redistribution mechanisms developed by other researchers. We analyze the scalability of these mechanisms and verify the results experimentally. The analysis and experiments show that our new load-balancing methods are highly scalable on SIMD architectures. Their scalability is shown to he no worse than that of the best load-balancing schemes on MIMD architectures. We verify our theoretical results by implementing the 15-puzzle problem on a CM-2 SIMD parallel computer 相似文献
90.
Ju D.-C.R. Chuan-Lin Wu Carini P. 《Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on》1994,5(10):1113-1120
We present a classification scheme for array language primitives that quantifies the variation in parallelism and data locality that results from the fusion of any two primitives. We also present an algorithm based on this scheme that efficiently determines when it is beneficial to fuse any two primitives. Experimental results show that five LINPACK routines report 50% performance improvement from the fusion of array operators 相似文献