Methods of predicting pale, soft, exudative pork and their application in breeding programmes-A review

The condition of pale, soft, exudative (PSE) pork has long been considered to be mainly a post mortem phenomenon. There is now substantial evidence that such pigs are suffering from a kind of myopathy, which predisposes them to an abnormal post mortem metabolism. Genetic studies on PSE muscle indicate a moderate heritability for various post mortem muscle quality traits. Reliable methods for determining the abnormal condition in the live animal would make it possible to select more effectively and economically against stress and PSE-susceptibility. Three possible methods are: (1) Analysis of blood serum for CPK, aldolase, GOT or other enzyme activities with and without preceding exercise; and for blood groups. (2) Muscle biopsy analysis for glucose-6-phosphate, lactate or energy-rich phosphates. (3) Non-destructive testing of young pigs for sensitivity to the Malignant Hyperthermia Syndrome by allowing them to inhale the anaesthetic halothane (fluothane) for a 5 min period. The development of muscular rigidity and stiffness indicates a susceptibility to stress and a potential for PSE meat. The relationships of the various methods to ultimate muscle and carcass quality, as well as the problems inherent to each method, are discussed. It is concluded that the third test seems to be the most promising for application in the breeding of pigs for optimal stress resistance and muscle quality.     

Ergonomics in the design and evaluation of a system for "postal video letter coding"

In co-operation with the German Central Post Office for Technological Development, the authors designed and investigated the task of and workplace for "Postal video-letter-coding". Experiments including measures of performance, errors, heart rate, arrhythmia, EMG's, and EOG's were used to experiment with variations in the design of displays, codes, keyboards, shifts and rest pauses. As a result of this work the following recommendations have been made by the authors and accepted by the authorities: An optimal display configuration has been developed with two vertically arranged tv displays. Coding-rules are to be simplified by modifications of the postcode. The usual flat keyboard has been replaced by an inclined and angular keyboard. Night-shifts must be avoided because of the tedious nature of the task. A work-rest-schedule of 50 min work and 10 min rest is proposed. In 1978 the complete work-system-design will be introduced in the standard postal service.     

美国目前淡化项目的发展情况

本交报道了美国脱盐项目的一些政策以及负责该项目的一些行政管理机构变动的情况;美国国家水委员会(National Water Comm-ission)报告的摘要及共有脱盐项目的一些建议;盐水局(Office of Saline Water)的取消;美国水研究技术局(Office of WaterResearch and Technology)的建立以及该项目目前的进展情况和今后的努力方向。     

降膜式电化学槽

气体扩散电极在电化学过程中的工业化应用,电槽费用是很高的。这是由于多孔阴极在电梢中需要一定的流体静压造成的。     

Keyboard design through physiological strain measurements

The physiologically tolerable range of positions for the joints of the upper extremities have been investigated for typing tasks by recording the myoelectric activities of the involved muscles. For long-term typing tasks a split keyboard is recommended allocating a key field to each hand. The fields should be rotated against each other in the horizontal plane and inclined laterally.