A general stochastic clustering method for automatic cluster discovery

Finding clusters in data is a challenging problem. Given a dataset, we usually do not know the number of natural clusters hidden in the dataset. The problem is exacerbated when there is little or no additional information except the data itself. This paper proposes a general stochastic clustering method that is a simplification of nature-inspired ant-based clustering approach. It begins with a basic solution and then performs stochastic search to incrementally improve the solution until the underlying clusters emerge, resulting in automatic cluster discovery in datasets. This method differs from several recent methods in that it does not require users to input the number of clusters and it makes no explicit assumption about the underlying distribution of a dataset. Our experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than several existing methods in terms of clustering accuracy and efficiency in majority of the datasets used in this study. Our theoretical analysis shows that the proposed method has linear time and space complexities, and our empirical study shows that it can accurately and efficiently discover clusters in large datasets in which many existing methods fail to run.     

石墨烯/碳纤维/芳纶电磁屏蔽纸的制备与性能研究

本研究以耐高温的芳纶短切纤维和芳纶沉析纤维为纸基纤维材料,导电性优良的碳纤维为导电骨架,石墨烯为电磁屏蔽增强材料,结合抄纸和涂布工艺制备得到石墨烯/碳纤维/芳纶电磁屏蔽纸。结果表明,制备的石墨烯/碳纤维/芳纶电磁屏蔽纸具有“三明治结构”,其厚度为333.9 μm时,在X波段的电磁屏蔽效能SE_T高达70.3 dB,电导率高达1 685 S/m,兼有较好的耐高温性和耐腐蚀性。     

泡沫铝负载氧化铈的制备及其除氟性能研究

以六水合硝酸铈为铈源、六次甲基四胺为沉淀剂,通过水热法制备了氧化铈(CeO2)粉末和泡沫铝负载氧化铈复合体。环境扫描电镜(ESEM)观察表明成功实现了泡沫铝负载氧化铈,且氧化铈在泡沫金属上不易脱落。透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察表明氧化铈(CeO2)粉末颗粒的粒径为5～10nm,呈立方块状,选区电子衍射为多晶环。研究了pH值和时间对氧化铈及泡沫铝负载氧化铈复合体除氟性能的影响,经理论计算及实验数据拟合,结果表明CeO2及复合体除氟是在其表面的羟基同氟离子发生可逆交换吸附去除氟离子,属于交换吸附模型。     

Antireflection and band gap extension effects of ZnO nanocrystalline films grown on ITO-coated glasses by low temperature process

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystalline films coated on indium tin oxides (ITO, 90:10 wt%) glasses were prepared by low temperature process. The thin films were composed of uniform nanoparticles with average diameter around 8.4 nm. All samples exhibited excellent optical antireflective phenomena, and the maximum transmission reached 92.8% for the sample spin coated at 1500 rpm at 453 nm, improved by 21.5%. The antireflective results were explained by the coherence theory. And the antireflective effects were induced by the ITO and ZnO films. The calculated thicknesses of the ZnO films agreed well with the experimental results. The theoretical calculated band gap from the average diameter of ZnO nanoparticles was also well consistent with the experimental ones obtained from the optical transmission spectra. This result was promising for applications in organic solar cells.     

糖醇对冻藏南美白对虾的品质保障作用

目的探讨木糖醇、甘露糖醇和异麦芽糖醇对冻藏南美白对虾的抗冻保水作用。方法以南美白对虾虾仁为研究对象,采用木糖醇、甘露糖醇及异麦芽糖醇浸泡处理虾仁,将其在-18℃条件下冻藏84 d,随后测定虾仁肌肉解冻损失率、pH值、明度、质构特性、肌原纤维蛋白含量、Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性、总巯基含量及肌肉组织微观结构。结果在冻藏过程中,与蒸馏水处理相比较,木糖醇、甘露糖醇和异麦芽糖醇浸泡处理能够有效降低虾仁的解冻损失率,且对冻虾仁的色泽、咀嚼性和弹性等具有很好的保护作用。同时,经3种糖醇处理后显著减缓了冷冻虾仁的肌原纤维蛋白含量、Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性及总巯基含量的下降速率。观察肌肉微观组织发现,3种糖醇对维持虾仁肌肉组织完整、抑制冰晶生长具有明显的作用。结论 3种糖醇类物质有效保持了冻藏南美白对虾虾仁的品质特性,可为低甜味、低热量的无磷保水剂开发提供参考。     

水产品劣变机制及其保鲜剂研发研究进展

水产品因其味道鲜美、富含蛋白质、必需氨基酸、多不饱和脂肪酸及微量元素而备受消费者青睐。低温贮藏是水产品最常见的贮藏手段,然而水产品肌肉组织薄、水分含量高、蛋白含量高等特点使其易在低温贮藏过程中出现汁液流失、蛋白质变性、脂质氧化、微生物生长繁殖等品质劣变现象。为充分探究水产品劣变机制,低场核磁共振技术(low field nuclear magnetic resonance, LF-NMR)、核磁共振成像技术(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)、基于16S的二代高通量测序技术、蛋白质组学与脂质组学等新新技术逐步应用于水产品低温贮藏过程中水分迁移、微生物作用、蛋白质与脂质生物大分子氧化降解反应的研究中。基于水产品劣变现象及其机制的研究,水产品保鲜技术得以开发应用。水产品保鲜剂按性质可分为盐类保鲜剂、酚类保鲜剂、糖类保鲜剂、蛋白类保鲜剂等,因具有成本低廉、操作简便的优势而被广泛开发应用。本文对水产品贮藏过程中常见的劣变现象及其机理的研究进展进行了综述,总结了水产品保鲜剂的研发现状,并对未来水产品劣变机制研究与水产品保鲜剂的发展前景进行了展望,以期为水产品保鲜剂的开发利用提供参考。     

Water-Soluble,Alanine-Modified Fullerene C60 Promotes the Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells

As carbon-based nanomaterials, water-soluble C₆₀ derivatives have potential applications in various fields of biomedicine. In this study, a water-soluble fullerene C₆₀ derivative bearing alanine residues (Ala-C₆₀) was synthesized. The effects of Ala-C₆₀ on neural stem cells (NSCs) as seed cells were explored. Ala-C₆₀ can promote the proliferation of NSCs, induce NSCs to differentiate into neurons, and inhibit the migration of NSCs. Most importantly, the Ala-C₆₀ can significantly increase the cell viability of NSCs treated with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and glutathione (GSH) content increased significantly in NSCs treated even by 20 μM Ala-C₆₀. These findings strongly indicate that Ala-C₆₀ has high potential to be applied as a scaffold with NSCs for regeneration in nerve tissue engineering for diseases related to the nervous system.     

超声纵波换能器用于平测时的测距修正方法研究

研究了超声纵波换能器用于平测时的测距修正方法.首先,根据弹性波理论分析了利用平测布置代替对测布置测量波速时的实际物理意义;然后,分析了两种换能器布置方式的真实传播距离并通过设计混凝土试件切割-测量实验进行了两种布置方式的声时对比;最后,根据实验数据在对测回归直线方程的基础上提出了计算换能器平测布置修正测距的最小二乘法....     

氮化铝一维纳米结构制备方法和物性研究的最新进展

全面总结了近年来氮化铝一维纳米结构的各种制备方法及物理性能等研究的最新进展,并提出了有待进一步深入研究的一些发展方向。     

Therapy for cerebral ischemic injury with erythropoietin-containing nanoparticles

In this study we prepared nanocarrier of erythropoietin (EPO) and the curative effect of the EPO-containing nanoparticles for periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) model was validated. It was demonstrated that EPO-containing nanoparticles can ameliorate drug-induced liquefaction caused by hypoxia. EPO-containing nanomedicine may open new therapeutic strategies in hypoxia cure.