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BACKGROUND: The incidental discovery of an adrenal mass poses the problem of distinguishing between the frequent benign masses and the infrequent malignant ones that require surgery. Univocal guidelines to approach this problem are unavailable. OBJECTIVE: To perform a survey of the clinical management of incidentally discovered adrenal masses (ie, adrenal incidentalomas). DESIGN: A multicentric retrospective analysis of hospital medical records of adrenal incidentalomas diagnosed during a 5-year period; the medical records were scrutinized for demographic data and clinical details by means of a specifically tailored questionnaire. SETTING: The major surgical and medical centers of Piedmont, a northern Italian region with approximately 4 million inhabitants. The recruitment pattern of these centers was unselected. PATIENTS: The definition of adrenal incidentaloma was limited to patients with a physical examination and a clinical history unindicative of adrenal disease. Exclusion criteria also included hypertension of suspected endocrine origin and a history of neoplasms known to metastasize frequently in the adrenal glands. Two hundred twenty-four medical records were collected, and 210 were analyzed (14 excluded a posteriori). RESULTS: Most patients were in their 50s and 60s, and women were predominantly affected. The frequency of adrenocortical cancer was 13% among patients operated on. The tumor diameter was highly correlated with the risk of cancer; a cutoff at 5 cm had a sensitivity of 93% with a specificity of 64% in discriminating between benign and malignant cortical lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of adrenocortical carcinoma among adrenal incidentalomas is not rare. The evaluation of the mass size is a simple and effective method for selecting patients at risk for cancer. The indication for surgery of masses larger than 5 cm, or of masses of any diameter that have suspicious imaging characteristics, limits unnecessary operations and costs. 相似文献
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温克勤 《徐州建筑职业技术学院学报》2005,5(1):1-6
对儒家伦理的基本价值与基本特点以及局限性进行了疏理和分析,对于国内外学者对儒家伦理的肯定性评价和提出的有关儒学研究的理论方法作出了评介,在此基础上提出了研究儒家伦理的几点认识和启示. 相似文献
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Abdelbaki Benamor Brahim Si Ali Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2008,25(3):451-460
The absorption rates of CO2 into aqueous solutions of Diethanolamine (DEA) with varying concentrations from 0.2 to 4M and temperature range from 293
to 323 K were measured by using a laboratory stirred reactor. The CO2 partial pressure was varied in a range that the reaction would occur in pseudo first order regime. Experimental data were
analyzed and the kinetic parameters associated with the reaction were determined. The activation energy for the deprotonation
of the intermediate zwitterion was estimated at about 11.4 kcal/mol. The contribution of carbamate formation to the overall
absorbed CO2 was experimentally evaluated and found to be of the order of 100%. 相似文献
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已建成的兰州重离子加速器的真空室是一个大型整体结构的超高真空容器,直径约10m,高4.5m,重65000kg,内表面积211m~2,容积100m~3,工作真空度为5×10~(-5)Pa。采用有限单元法在计算机上用SAP-5C程序对真空室受力分析进行了计算。真空室结构材料选用瑞典Uddeholm钢厂生产的316 L 超低碳不锈钢。承制此大型容器的是航天工业部风华机器厂。由于结构庞大,首先将真空室分成八大块和几小块在工厂制造,然后运至现场焊制成一整体容器并进行机械加工。所有密封焊缝均用着色渗透液,X-射线探伤和氦质谱探漏仪进行检查和探漏。 相似文献
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