JavAdaptor—Flexible runtime updates of Java applications

Software is changed frequently during its life cycle. New requirements come, and bugs must be fixed. To update an application, it usually must be stopped, patched, and restarted. This causes time periods of unavailability, which is always a problem for highly available applications. Even for the development of complex applications, restarts to test new program parts can be time consuming and annoying. Thus, we aim at dynamic software updates to update programs at runtime. There is a large body of research on dynamic software updates, but so far, existing approaches have shortcomings either in terms of flexibility or performance. In addition, some of them depend on specific runtime environments and dictate the program's architecture. We present JavAdaptor , the first runtime update approach based on Java that (a) offers flexible dynamic software updates, (b) is platform independent, (c) introduces only minimal performance overhead, and (d) does not dictate the program architecture. JavAdaptor combines schema changing class replacements by class renaming and caller updates with Java HotSwap using containers and proxies. It runs on top of all major standard Java virtual machines. We evaluate our approach's applicability and performance in non‐trivial case studies and compare it with existing dynamic software update approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A straightforward design technique for narrowband multi‐stage low‐noise amplifiers with I/O conjugate match

Low‐noise amplifier (LNA) designers often struggle to simultaneously satisfy gain, noise, stability, and I/O matching requirements. In this article, a novel design technique, tailored for two‐stage low‐noise amplifiers, is presented. The proposed design method is completely deterministic and exploits inductive source degeneration to obtain a two‐stage LNA featuring perfect input and output match together with low noise figure (NF) and a pre‐determined gain, including stability analysis. A novel flowchart is provided together with the corresponding design chart that contains gain, matching, and stability information, therefore addressing all key figures‐of‐merit of a linear amplifier. The design chart is easily implementable in commercial Electronic Design Automation software, to aid designers in the difficult task of selecting the appropriate source degeneration inductor value. The noise performance, on the other hand, is the best possible since the matching networks are designed to provide the input of the two Field Effect Transistors with the optimum termination for noise. The design method is validated with two separate test vehicles operating respectively at Ka‐band (26.5‐31.5 GHz) and K‐band (20.0‐24.0 GHz). The realized Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits exhibit 18 dB gain for both versions, NF of 1.5 and 1.2 dB, respectively for the Ka‐band and K‐band version. Input and output matching are typically better than 12 and 15 dB.     

Discovery and structural elucidation of the illegal azo dye Basic Red 46 in sumac spice

An unknown red dye was discovered in a sumac spice sample during routine analysis for Sudan dyes. LC-DAD and LC-MS/MS did not reveal the identity of the red substance. Nevertheless, using LC-high-resolution MS and isotope ratio comparisons the structure was identified as Basic Red 46. The identity of the dye was further confirmed by comparison with a commercial hair-staining product and two textile dye formulations containing Basic Red 46. Analogous to the Sudan dyes, Basic Red 46 is an azo dye. However, some of the sample clean-up methodology utilised for the analysis of Sudan dyes in food prevents its successful detection. In contrast to the Sudan dyes, Basic Red 46 is a cation. Its cationic properties make it bind strongly to gel permeation columns and silica solid-phase extraction cartridges and prevent elution with standard eluents. This is the first report of Basic Red 46 in food. The structure elucidation of this compound as well as the disadvantages of analytical methods focusing on a narrow group of targeted analytes are discussed.     

Sensorische Analyse, Malat- und Saccharosegehalt und Fruchtfleischfestigkeit verschiedener Apfelsorten

Zusammenfassung Neben einer ausführlichen sensorischen Beurteilung der Frühsorte Jamba, der mittelspäten Sorten Holsteiner Cox und Roter Holsteiner Cox sowie der späten Sorte Gloster wurden parallel dazu der Malat- und Saccharosegehalt und die Fruchtfleischfestigkeit bestimmt. Die Korrelation dieser chemisch-physikalischen Parameter mit der Bewertung des Geschmacks und der Fruchtfleischstruktur sollte die Frage klären, ob eine Qualitätsaussage unter Umgehung der sensorischen Beurteilung möglich ist. Durch Vergleich ergab sich, daß für alle untersuchten Sorten der Malat- und/oder Saccharosegehalt wenig über die geschmacklichen Qualität der Früchte aussagt. Engere Beziehungen traten zwischen den Parametern sensorische Fruchtfleischbewertung und Festigkeit auf, wo bei einem Festigkeitswert von 5–5,3 kp/cm² und mehr das entsprechende senorische Urteil nicht schlechter als mittelmäßig ausfiel.

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Sensory evaluation, content of malate and sucrose, and fruit firmness of different apple varieties

Summary Parallel to a detailed sensory evaluation of the apple varieties Jamba, Holsteiner Cox, Red Holsteiner Cox and Gloster the content of malate and sucrose and fruit flesh firmness were measured. Comparisons between chemical and physical parameters and the sensory evaluation of taste and fruit flesh structure were performed to see, if apple quality can be determined without sensory assessment. The results for all samples show that content of malate and sucrose means little in relation to fruit taste. Recommendations for an optimum storage period could not be made. There was a closer relationship between sensory fruit flesh assessment and flesh firmness with a firmness of 5–5,3 kp/cm² or higher sensory evaluation was not worse than fair.

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Teil der Dissertation Mast, Kiel 1982     

OPTICAL FLUOR-CROWN GLASSES*

The effect of variations in composition on optical properties was studied. The index of refraction is lowered by the substitution of fluorine and alumina for silica; the reciprocal dispersion, however, is increased by fluorine and lowered by alumina so that fluorine and alumina can be balanced against each other to give almost any desired optical properties within the field investigated, that is, in the range of 1.46 to 1.50 for index of refraction and 63 to 70 for the reciprocal dispersion.