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71.
Kyuya Nakagawa Wataru Murakami Julien Andrieu Sverine Vessot 《Chemical Engineering Research and Design》2009,87(8):1017-1027
Freeze-dried samples were prepared from D-mannitol solution by selected freezing conditions. Crystalline structures of prepared samples were determined by XRD analysis, and distributions of the various crystal structures of mannitol were obtained for each sample. It was found that the amount of each polymorph was quite well correlated to the freezing conditions, namely the ice crystal nucleation temperature and the cooling rate. In case of samples prepared at fast cooling rates, the samples where the ice crystals nucleated at higher temperature contained much more stable form than the samples nucleated at lower temperature. Besides, the samples prepared at slow cooling rates predominantly contained stable crystalline forms despite of the variation of nucleation temperatures. Moreover, the experimental results also indicated that the various polymorphs were also distributed vertically through the sample along the direction of the heat flux during freezing. The tendency of the polymorph distribution through the freeze-dried cake was also elucidated by using the simulated temperature profiles during freezing. Thus, the profiles of mannitol polymorphs after the freezing derived from the temperature distributions could predict the global tendency of polymorphism behaviour, and, consequently, would be useful to achieve quality control of freeze-dried formulations. 相似文献
72.
We succeeded in the fabrication of bonded laser crystals composed of a neodymium-doped YVO4 laser crystal (Nd:YVO4) and its host crystals YVO4 by a newly developed dry etching technique using an argon ion beam. The optical distortion caused by the bonded interface of size 5 mm × 6 mm was estimated to be 0.05λ at 633 nm. From the comparison of laser performance pumped by a laser diode, the bonded crystals could increase the laser output power by nearly twice that of the non-bonded crystals with the same degree of polarization of 99.2%. To analyze the mechanism of the enhanced reduction of the thermal load in the bonded crystals, numerical simulations with a finite-element method were also performed. 相似文献
73.
74.
Isao Saeki Yusuke Sugiyama Shigenari Hayashi Akira Yamauchi Takashi Doi Yoshitaka Nishiyama Shoji Kyo Shigeru Suzuki Masugu Sato Shinji Fujimoto 《Corrosion Science》2012
Changes in the crystal structure of type 430 stainless steel and the oxides on its surface were studied in situ at 1373 K using a high-intensity synchrotron X-ray source provided by SPring-8 in Japan. The surface of the steel was initially covered with Cr2O3, which was then converted to FeCr2O4, and finally Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 formed on it. These results indicated that the reason for the breakaway oxidation in type 430 stainless steel is Cr depletion beneath Cr2O3 layer and the subsequent ionisation of Fe, not the simple mechanical failure of Cr2O3. 相似文献
75.
Kazuyuki Suzuki Wataru Sakamoto Toshinobu Yogo Shin-ichi Hirano 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1999,82(6):1463-1466
K(Ta,Nb)O3 (KTN) thin films have been prepared by the chemical solution deposition method. KTN precursors consisted of a uniform mixture of K[Ta(OC2 H5 )6 ] and K[Nb(OC2 H5 )6 ] with interaction at the molecular level. Perovskite KTN thin films with the desired composition (Ta/Nb = 65/35, 50/50, and 35/65) were synthesized from the precursor solutions by the dip coating method. KTN thin films with (100) preferred orientation were successfully synthesized on MgO(100) and Pt(100)/MgO(100) substrates. X-ray pole figure measurements showed that grains of KTN films had a prominent three-dimensional regularity on MgO(100) and Pt(100)/MgO(100) surfaces. The Curie temperatures of KTN films decreased with increasing Ta/Nb ratio. Typical P-E hysteresis loops were observed for KTN thin films of three compositions on Pt(100)/MgO(100) substrates. The values of remanent polarization ( P r ) of KTN films increased as the Ta/Nb ratio changed from 65/35 to 35/65. 相似文献
76.
Xiao Xu Makoto Nagasako Wataru Ito Rie Y. Umetsu Takeshi Kanomata Ryosuke Kainuma 《Acta Materialia》2013,61(18):6712-6723
We present the magnetic properties and the magnetic phase diagram of Ni50Mn50?xGax ferromagnetic shape memory alloys across a wide concentration range. Martensitic transformation, intermediate transformation, B2–L21 order–disorder transformation, Néel and Curie temperatures are determined for the prepared samples. The martensitic transformation temperature decreases with increasing Ga concentration and bends two times when crossing the Curie temperature and the intermediate-phase transformation temperature. Spontaneous magnetization and its composition dependence were also investigated. Composition dependence of the transformation temperatures and the spontaneous magnetization in the martensite phase of Ni50Mn50?xGax are compared with those of Ni50Mn50?xInx and Ni50Mn50?xSnx, revealing a similarity in the NiMn-based alloy systems. 相似文献
77.
Koji Kamagata Christina Andica Ayumi Kato Yuya Saito Wataru Uchida Taku Hatano Matthew Lukies Takashi Ogawa Haruka Takeshige-Amano Toshiaki Akashi Akifumi Hagiwara Shohei Fujita Shigeki Aoki 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(10)
There has been an increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases with the rapid increase in aging societies worldwide. Biomarkers that can be used to detect pathological changes before the development of severe neuronal loss and consequently facilitate early intervention with disease-modifying therapeutic modalities are therefore urgently needed. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising tool that can be used to infer microstructural characteristics of the brain, such as microstructural integrity and complexity, as well as axonal density, order, and myelination, through the utilization of water molecules that are diffused within the tissue, with displacement at the micron scale. Diffusion tensor imaging is the most commonly used diffusion MRI technique to assess the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. However, diffusion tensor imaging has several limitations, and new technologies, including neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, and free-water imaging, have been recently developed as approaches to overcome these constraints. This review provides an overview of these technologies and their potential as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and disease progression of major neurodegenerative diseases. 相似文献
78.
Takeshi Kikutani Kazuhito Nakao Wataru Takarada Hiroshi Ito 《Polymer Engineering and Science》1999,39(12):2349-2357
On-line measurement of birefringence was performed in the high-speed melt spinning process of poly(ethylene terephthalate) using an apparatus that incorporates a rotating polarizer for the measurement of the optical retardation of running filament. Particular attention was paid to the detailed measurements in the vicinity of neck-like deformation. Through the measurement at the take-up velocity of 5 km/min, development of birefringence under the strain rate up to about 1 ms?1 was investigated. To analyze the relation between applied stress and birefringence, tension and temperature profiles of the spin-line were calculated based on the experimentally obtained diameter profiles. Even though the strain rate is extremely high, a linear relationship between birefringence and a parameter calculated by dividing stress by temperature was confirmed to hold up to birefringence and stress/temperature values of about 0.017 and 10 kPa/K, respectively. 相似文献
79.
Yoshifumi Atsushi Wataru Fumihiro Junji Hiroaki 《Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical》2009,140(2):649-655
A novel method for exchanging solutions used in biochemical analyses and a device to carry out the exchange are proposed. An array of plugs formed using six injectors was transported in a microflow channel using a main pump located at one end of the main flow channel. The injectors and main pump were operated on the basis of the change in volume caused by the electrolysis of water. Bubbles were produced from working electrodes; these bubbles caused a diaphragm placed below the injectors to inflate and occlude the inlet of the solution reservoir. Increase in the number of bubbles caused the reservoir to inject the solution into the main flow channel in the form of a plug. Each plug was individually transported downstream to the sensing area by the main pump, which was operated in a similar manner to the injector. The device was used for the detection of a tumor marker, α-fetoprotein (AFP). Plugs of necessary solutions were individually transported to the sensing area with immobilized primary antibodies to allow antigen–antibody binding, cleaning, and detection. The fluorescence intensity from the antibodies showed clear dependence on the concentration of AFP. The immobilization of antibodies could also be carried out on-chip. 相似文献
80.
Perovskite-type oxides, BaMoO3 and SrMoO3, were prepared by reduction of scheelite-type oxides, BaMoO4 and SrMoO4, in H2 flow at 873 K and characterized by XRD, TG, SEM, TPR, NH3-TPD, UV-vis DRS and BET measurement. The catalytic activity of these alkaline-earth molybdenum oxide catalysts was tested for oxidation of 2-propanol with gaseous oxygen under atmospheric pressure. Dehydration to propylene was mainly promoted over the scheelite-type with Mo6+, while oxidative dehydrogenation to acetone was mainly promoted over the perovskite-type with Mo4+, and selectivity to acetone was much higher over BaMoO3 than over SrMoO3. Both perovskite-type oxide catalysts underwent oxidation to some degree during the catalytic reaction, so that they also contained some Mo6+. We concluded that the high selectivity to acetone resulting from oxidative dehydrogenation during 2-propanol conversion is related to the constantly changing oxidation state of the catalyst, resulting in coexistence of Mo6+ octahedra and Mo4+ octahedra on the AMoO3 oxides. 相似文献