我国惯性约束聚变领域中的波前控制技术

在惯性约束聚变(ICF)高功率激光装置中,自适应光学波前控制技术是确保装置安全顺畅通光以及光束质量达标的关键技术之一。本文介绍了我国ICF激光装置中波前控制技术从概念的提出到大规模应用的研究和发展历程,重点介绍了在装置不同发展阶段针对装置的需求所研究和发展的关键系统技术,包括基于远场焦斑优化的爬山法波前控制技术、基于双波前传感器数据融合的全装置波前控制技术,以及旋转腔激光装置结构中基于双变形镜的全系统波前控制技术,并介绍了相关技术在装置上的应用结果。

     

机器人4.0: 边缘计算支撑下的持续学习和时空智能

随着全球机器人市场规模的不断扩大,机器人技术正在从机器人3.0时代迈向机器人4.0时代.这除了要求机器人具备感知能力,实现智能协作外,还要求其具有理解和决策的能力,最终实现自主的服务.尽管人工智能研究已经借深度学习技术取得突破性进展,但要实现机器人如人类一样做出决策,依然是非常具有挑战的目标,还有许多难点亟待解决.对有望解决这些问题的3项关键技术——持续学习、时空智能和边缘计算进行了初步探讨：通过持续学习,机器人能够将旧任务的知识快速迁移到新的任务中,并解决灾难性遗忘问题;通过时空智能让机器人对周围的环境建立起从高层到底层的表示,并像人一样从不同的粒度上分享和解决问题;最后充分利用边缘计算提供更高性价比的服务,把各种智能和知识很好地组合起来,实现规模化部署.     

Anti-Swelling,High-Strength,Anisotropic Conductive Hydrogel with Excellent Biocompatibility for Implantable Electronic Tendon

As hydrogels rapidly advance for diverse technologies, their practical applications as implantable artificial tendon becomes promising, yet challenging. It requires similar anisotropic fibril structures, matching water content, high mechanical strength, good biocompatibility, and stable performance under physiological conditions. Furthermore, the capabilities of real-time joint motion monitoring and implant condition are extremely important for the precise assessment of rehabilitation processes. However, it is challenging to realize all these properties simultaneously. Herein, this work reports an intelligent implantable artificial tendon based on strong and conductive anisotropic hydrogel, by coupling prestretching-induced ordered structure with drying-enabled strengthening. The fiber structure fixed during drying/rehydration produces a dense and stable network with a hierarchically anisotropic structure. The resulting anisotropic hydrogel presents excellent anti-swelling ability (<3%), high tensile strength (3.71 MPa), and toughness (9.86 MJ m⁻³) upon hydration, at a tendon-matching water content of 72.5 wt%. The in vitro and in vivo tests demonstrate its excellent biocompatibility with significant protein resistance. With reliable strain sensing, the hydrogel can act as an intelligent artificial tendon to restore and real-time monitor joint motion in an in vitro model. The SD rats with tendon defects display restored motor function after implantation of the hydrogel as tendon substitutes, facilitating malfunction tissue therapeutics and rehabilitation.     

Nanocellulose-Based Ink for Vertically 3D Printing Micro-Architectures with High-Resolution

Nanocellulose has become an important renewable component for composite inks, owing to its desirable physical properties, reinforcing capabilities, and tunable self-assembly behavior. However, it is difficult to improve the rheological performance of the nanocellulose-based composite to meet the requirement for 3D printing high resolution microarchitectures. Herein, a strategy is proposed that incorporation of amphiphilic molecular surfactant into nanocellulose gel can increase the molecular interaction via hydrophobic bonds and enhance the ink viscoelasticity. Following the design, a composite ink is formulated by adding xylan and Nonaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E9) within nanocellulose gel. A new printing program is designed to achieve vertical writing of the composite ink and obtain free-standing micropillars and microhemispheres with high resolution in dozens of micrometers. The microhemisphere on an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever can be used as colloidal probe. This work proves that nanocellulose composite ink is a candidate for 3D printing functional devices with special microstructures.     

Enhanced Air Stability and Li Metal Compatibility of Li-Argyrodite Electrolytes Triggered by In2O3 Co-Doping for All-Solid-State Li Metal Batteries

Sulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs) have become an ideal candidate material for all-solid-state Li metal batteries (ASSLMBs) because of their high ionic conductivity. However, the vile Li incompatibility and poor air stability of SSEs barriers their commercial application. Herein, novel Li_6+2xP_1−xIn_xS_5−1.5xO_1.5xCl (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) SSEs are synthesized via In and O co-doped Li₆PS₅Cl. By regulating the substitution concentration, the prepared Li_6.12P_0.92In_0.08S_4.88O_0.12Cl exhibits considerable ionic conductivity (2.67 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹) and enhanced air stability. Based on the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculation, it is predicted that In³⁺ replaces P⁵⁺ to form InS₄⁵⁻ tetrahedron and O²⁻ replaces S²⁻ to form PS₃O⁴⁻ group. The mechanism of enhancing air stability by In, O co-substituting Li₆PS₅Cl is clarified. More remarkably, the formation of Li-In alloys induced by Li_6.16P_0.92In_0.08S_4.88O_0.12Cl electrolyte at the anode interface is beneficial to reducing the migration barrier of Li-ions, promoting their remote migration, and enhancing the stability of the Li/SSEs interface. The optimized electrolyte shows superior critical current density (1.4 mA cm⁻²) and satisfactory Li dendrite inhibition (stable cycle at 0.1 mA cm⁻² over 3000 h). The ASSLMBs with Li_6.16P_0.92In_0.08S_4.88O_0.12Cl electrolyte reveal considerable cycle stability. This work emphasizes In, O co-doping to address redox issues of sulfide electrolytes.     

网络信息资源评价指标体系构建分析

探讨和分析了国内外网络信息资源评价的主要方法,包括定性,定量和综合评价。根据网络信息资源评价指标构建的科学性、导向性、客观性、发展性等基本原则,将网络信息资源评价体系分为科学性,稳定性和易用性三部分,然后对每部分进行细分和阐述。     

Phellinus baumii Polyphenol: A Potential Therapeutic Candidate against Lung Cancer Cells

Phellinus baumii, a fungus that grows on mulberry trees and is used in traditional Chinese medicine, exerts therapeutic effects against various diseases, including cancer. Polyphenols, generally considered to be antioxidants, have antitumor and proapoptotic effects. In this study, we identified the composition of Phellinus baumii polyphenol (PBP) and characterized its 17 chemical components by UPLC–ESI–QTOF–MS. Furthermore, to clarify the potential mechanism of PBP against Lung Cancer Cells, network pharmacology and experimental verification were combined. Molecular docking elucidated the binding conformation and mechanism of the primary active components (Osmundacetone and hispidin) to the core targets CASP3, PARP1 and TP53. In addition, potential molecular mechanisms of PBP predicted by network pharmacology analysis were validated in vitro. PBP significantly inhibited the human lung cancer A549 cells and showed typical apoptotic characteristics, without significant cytotoxicity to normal human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Analysis using flow cytometry and western blot indicated that PBP caused apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depression in A549 cells to exercise its antitumor effects. These results reveal that PBP has great potential for use as an active ingredient for antitumor therapy.     

基于YOLOv3的无人机建筑物空间特征提取方法研究

随着智慧城市的发展,对建筑空间特征的采集速度和精度要求越来越高,针对市面上常见的空间特征提取方法灵活性差、智能化程度低、人力成本高等问题,本文提出了一种基于无人机扫描与YOLO识别的检测方法,完成了建筑物窗户构件的实时识别与提取。本文对YOLOv3算法进行了优化调整并运用自制的数据集对算法模型进行训练,使用Nginx搭建RTMP(Real Time Messaging Protocol)推流服务器接收无人机扫描信息,在地面平台显示实时识别结果,该方法大大提高了识别效率,降低了推流传输延迟,在无人机检测实验中体现出了实时、高效、智能的特点,借助无人机的灵活性,能够高效地满足建筑构件实时检测的需要。     

基于扩展语义匹配的BIM和GIS三维建筑数据融合

目前,在BIM与GIS融合方面的研究主要分为三个方向,分别是数据格式转换、数据标准扩展和本体论。本项目选择通过本体论的模式进行IFC和CityGML的实体融合。首先,通过语义修正提取实体的三元组,用知识表示学习,将三元组表示为实体向量,将实体语义信息转换到低维向量空间,采取以扩展语义匹配为基础构建IFC和CityGML标准的匹配融合系统,解决在IFC和CityGML两个不同的标准下对同一实体的语义方面的理解偏差问题,并通过相似度计算进行聚类;其次,通过提取到的三元组,利用实体—关系—实体进行几何重构,将IFC标准的实体映射到CityGML标准的实体;最后,用建立的三维模型验证,实现了实体从BIM领域到GIS领域的转换。     

装配式建筑吊装安全风险管理数字孪生模型建立方法

装配式建筑因其施工方便、绿色环保等优点被大力推广。吊装作业作为装配式建筑施工过程的关键环节,其涉及的安全管理要素多且关系复杂。目前的吊装安全风险管理方法仍存在智能化水平低、预测精确度无法保证、安全管理要素无法实时控制等问题。针对以上吊装安全风险管理问题,本文将数字孪生概念引入吊装安全风险管理领域,分析了吊装安全风险诱发因素,搭建了面向吊装安全管理的数字孪生框架,阐述了数字孪生模型的运行机制。同时,针对数字孪生建模这一关键问题,提出物理吊装过程、虚拟吊装过程、虚实信息交互的建模方法,并在某项目中进行实际应用,验证了方法的有效性,为数字孪生在吊装安全风险管理方面的应用提供了理论支撑与技术支持。