Defect-Rich Single Atom Catalyst Enhanced Polysulfide Conversion Kinetics to Upgrade Performance of Li–S Batteries

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have attracted considerable attention owing to their extremely high energy densities. However, the application of Li–S batteries has been limited by low sulfur utilization, poor cycle stability, and low rate capability. Accelerating the rapid transformation of polysulfides is an effective approach for addressing these obstacles. In this study, a defect-rich single-atom catalytic material (Fe-N4/DCS) is designed. The abundantly defective environment is favorable for the uniform dispersion and stable existence of single-atom Fe, which not only improves the utilization of single-atom Fe but also efficiently adsorbs polysulfides and catalyzes the rapid transformation of polysulfides. To fully exploit the catalytic activity, catalytic materials are used to modify the routine separator (Fe-N₄/DCS/PP). Density functional theory and in situ Raman spectroscopy are used to demonstrate that Fe-N₄/DCS can effectively inhibit the shuttling of polysulfides and accelerate the redox reaction. Consequently, the Li–S battery with the modified separator achieves an ultralong cycle life (a capacity decay rate of only 0.03% per cycle at a current of 2 C after 800 cycles), and an excellent rate capability (894 mAh g⁻¹ at 3 C). Even at a high sulfur loading of 5.51 mg cm⁻² at 0.2 C, the reversible areal capacity still reaches 5.4 mAh cm⁻².     

Niobium-Carbide MXene Modified Hybrid Hole Transport Layer Enabling High-Performance Organic Solar Cells Over 19%

Niobium-carbide (Nb₂C) MXene as a new 2D material has shown great potential for application in photovoltaics due to its excellent electrical conductivity, large surface area, and superior transmittance. In this work, a novel solution-processable poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)-Nb₂C hybrid hole transport layer (HTL) is developed to enhance the device performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). By optimizing the doping ratio of Nb₂C MXene in PEDOT:PSS, the best power convention efficiency (PCE) of 19.33% can be achieved for OSCs based on the ternary active layer of PM6:BTP-eC9:L8-BO, which is so far the highest value among those of single junction OSCs using 2D materials. It is found that the addition of Nb₂C MXene can facilitate the phase separation of the PEDOT and PSS segments, thus improving the conductivity and work function of PEDOT:PSS. The significantly enhanced device performance can be attributed to the higher hole mobility and charge extraction capability, as well as lower interface recombination probabilities generated by the hybrid HTL. Additionally, the versatility of the hybrid HTL to improve the performance of OSCs based on different nonfullerene acceptors is demonstrated. These results indicate the promising potential of Nb₂C MXene in the development of high-performance OSCs.     

Scalable Manufacturing of Environmentally Stable All-Solid-State Plant Protein-Based Supercapacitors with Optimal Balance of Capacitive Performance and Mechanically Robust

The development of advanced biomaterial with mechanically robust and high energy density is critical for flexible electronics, such as batteries and supercapacitors. Plant proteins are ideal candidates for making flexible electronics due to their renewable and eco-friendly natures. However, due to the weak intermolecular interactions and abundant hydrophilic groups of protein chains, the mechanical properties of protein-based materials, especially in bulk materials, are largely constrained, which hinders their performance in practical applications. Here, a green and scalable method is shown for the fabrication of advanced film biomaterials with high mechanical strength (36.3 MPa), toughness (21.25 MJ m⁻³), and extraordinary fatigue-resistance (213 000 times) by incorporating tailor-made core–double-shell structured nanoparticles. Subsequently, the film biomaterials combine to construct an ordered, dense bulk material by stacking-up and hot-pressing techniques. Surprisingly, the solid-state supercapacitor based on compacted bulk material shows an ultrahigh energy density of 25.8 Wh kg⁻¹, which is much higher than those previously reported advanced materials. Notably, the bulk material also demonstrates long-term cycling stability, which can be maintained under ambient condition or immersed in H₂SO₄ electrolyte for more than 120 days. Thus, this research improves the competitiveness of protein-based materials for real-world applications such as flexible electronics and solid-state supercapacitors.     

A Novel Z-Scheme Heterostructured Bi2S3/Cu-TCPP Nanocomposite with Synergistically Enhanced Therapeutics against Bacterial Biofilm Infections in Periodontitis

Porphyrin-based antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has found widespread applications in treating periodontitis. However, its clinical use is limited by poor energy absorption, resulting in limited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. To overcome this challenge, a novel Z-scheme heterostructured nanocomposite of Bi₂S₃/Cu-TCPP is developed. This nanocomposite exhibits highly efficient light absorption and effective electron–hole separation, thanks to the presence of heterostructures. The enhanced photocatalytic properties of the nanocomposite facilitate effective biofilm removal. Theoretical calculations confirm that the interface of the Bi₂S₃/Cu-TCPP nanocomposite readily adsorbs oxygen molecules and hydroxyl radicals, thereby improving ROS production rates. Additionally, the photothermal treatment (PTT) using Bi₂S₃ nanoparticles promotes the release of Cu²⁺ ions, enhancing the chemodynamic therapy (CDT) effect and facilitating the eradication of dense biofilms. Furthermore, the released Cu²⁺ ions deplete glutathione in bacterial cells, weakening their antioxidant defense mechanisms. The synergistic effect of aPDT/PTT/CDT demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens, particularly in animal models of periodontitis, resulting in significant therapeutic effects, including inflammation alleviation and bone preservation. Therefore, this design of semiconductor-sensitized energy transfer represents an important advancement in improving aPDT efficacy and the treatment of periodontal inflammation.     

功能性棉型织物服用性能的模糊综合评判

研究功能性棉型织物综合服用性能优劣的模糊评价方法。对几种不同规格的功能性棉型织物的透气量、悬垂系数、折皱回复角、回潮率、透湿量、芯吸高度等性能进行了相关测试,采用模糊数学综合评判方法对测试数据进行处理分析,通过对权系数和标准化值的计算求算出综合评判值,得到了功能性棉型织物综合服用性能优劣的排序。指出:利用此分析过程对织物整体性能进行评估,既兼顾到织物的综合服用性能,又考虑到各性能权重分配上的差异,分析方法简单、合理、可靠,且评判结果较好。     

阿拉伯胶对玉米淀粉的共混改性

用阿拉伯胶对玉米淀粉浆料共混改性,使用快速黏度仪(RVA)测定阿拉伯胶-玉米淀粉体系的糊化性能,分析阿拉伯胶对淀粉成膜性能的影响。结果表明,阿拉伯胶会大大降低淀粉糊化的峰值黏度和衰减值,提高淀粉浆膜的断裂强度和断裂伸长,并改善淀粉浆膜的硬脆性。     

电射流加工工艺研究和发展

叙述了电射流加工技术的工艺特点、循环过程及电流、电压随时间变化的特性,介绍了该技术国内外研究和发展的情况。     

白地酶脂肪酶选择性酯化分离CLA异构体的研究

本文研究共轭亚油酸异构体的分离方法。利用白地霉脂肪酶(Geotrichumcandidumlipase,GCL)催化合成正丁酯的方法,考察温度、体系水分、酶用量、反应时间、底物配比对脂肪酶催化酯化率和脂肪酸丁酯中c9t11含量的影响。结果表明,经过酯化的脂肪酸丁酯层中c9t11CLA含量达到79.85%,t10c12CLA含量为4.59%;含有13.75%的油酸;c9t11CLA占共轭亚油酸两种异构体总含量的94.56%。形成c9t11CLA正丁醇酯的选择性系数平均为17.80。脂肪酸与正丁醇比例对脂肪酸酯中c9t11CLA含量具有显著性影响,在选取的范围内水分含量、酶用量的影响不显著。要得到较高c9t11CLA含量的脂肪酸产物,反应因子应选择:水分为0.50%,脂肪酸与正丁醇用量比为2.00∶1.00,酶用量为100U/g。白地霉脂肪酶对催化c9t11共轭亚油酸与正丁醇的酯化反应具有较高的选择性,因此,脂肪酶选择性酯化分离CLA异构体的方法是可行的。     

Comparative study of proximate composition and amino acid in farmed and wild Pseudobagrus ussuriensis muscles

The proximate composition and amino acid compositions of the muscle of wild and farmed Pseudobagrus ussuriensis were compared. The lipid content of the farmed fish was significantly higher, while moisture content was significantly lower, than those of the wild fish. Pseudobagrus ussuriensis protein has a well‐balanced amino acid composition. The percentages of total amino acids, essential amino acids, nonessential amino acids and delicious amino acids were significantly higher in the wild than those in farmed fish. The ratios of W_EAA to W_TAA (42.78%–43.02%) and W_EAA to W_NEAA (85.52%–87.74%) were comparable to the reference values of 40% and above 60% recommended by FAO/WHO. According to the amino acid scores, methionine would have been described as the first limiting amino acid, and Lys had the highest score for the protein in both wild and farmed Pseudobagrus ussuriensis. This study shows that Pseudobagrus ussuriensis under investigation have high nutritional qualities and are good protein resources.