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51.
Suga M Nishiyama H Konyuba Y Iwamatsu S Watanabe Y Yoshiura C Ueda T Sato C 《Ultramicroscopy》2011,111(12):1650-1658
Although conventional electron microscopy (EM) requires samples to be in vacuum, most chemical and physical reactions occur in liquid or gas. The Atmospheric Scanning Electron Microscope (ASEM) can observe dynamic phenomena in liquid or gas under atmospheric pressure in real time. An electron-permeable window made of pressure-resistant 100 nm-thick silicon nitride (SiN) film, set into the bottom of the open ASEM sample dish, allows an electron beam to be projected from underneath the sample. A detector positioned below captures backscattered electrons. Using the ASEM, we observed the radiation-induced self-organization process of particles, as well as phenomena accompanying volume change, including evaporation-induced crystallization. Using the electrochemical ASEM dish, we observed tree-like electrochemical depositions on the cathode. In silver nitrate solution, we observed silver depositions near the cathode forming incidental internal voids. The heated ASEM dish allowed observation of patterns of contrast in melting and solidifying solder. Finally, to demonstrate its applicability for monitoring and control of industrial processes, silver paste and solder paste were examined at high throughput. High resolution, imaging speed, flexibility, adaptability, and ease of use facilitate the observation of previously difficult-to-image phenomena, and make the ASEM applicable to various fields. 相似文献
52.
Makoto Kobayashi Masashi Shimada Yuji Hatano Takuji Oda Brad Merrill Yasuhisa Oya Kenji Okuno 《Fusion Engineering and Design》2013,88(9-10):1749-1752
The deuterium trapping behaviors in tungsten damaged by light ions with lower energy (10 keV C+ and 3 keV He+) or a heavy ion with higher energy (2.8 MeV Fe2+) were compared by means of TDS to understand the effects of cascade collisions on deuterium retention in tungsten. By light ion irradiation, most of deuterium was trapped by vacancies, whose retention was almost saturated at the damage level of 0.2 dpa. For the heavy ion irradiation, the deuterium trapping by voids was found, indicating that cascade collisions by the heavy ion irradiation would create the voids in tungsten. Most of deuterium trapped by the voids was desorbed in higher temperature region compared to that trapped by vacancies. It was also found that deuterium could accumulate in the voids, resulting in the formation of blisters in tungsten. 相似文献
53.
为了解决光伏单元在运行过程中因工作模式切换造成的母线电压波动问题,提出一种新型平滑切换控制策略。根据光伏电池的输出特性曲线,将输出功率对输出电流的微分作为控制变量。通过跟踪不同的dp/di指令值来实现光伏单元最大功率点跟踪模式、恒压下垂模式的控制以及两种模式间的平滑切换。在此基础上,针对多光伏变换器工作在恒压下垂控制时因线路阻抗差异造成功率分配精度较低的问题,提出一种基于二次调节的自适应下垂控制策略。此外,构建相邻光伏单元间的稀疏通信网络,并采用动态一致性算法实现相关平均信息的全局稳定收敛。仿真和实验结果表明,所提控制策略可以实现光伏单元工作模式切换过程平滑过渡和负荷功率的精确分配。 相似文献
54.
It is well known that the morphologies of the α martensite formed from the γ phase in ferrous alloys are classified into five types of lath, butterfly, (225)A type plate,lenticular and thin-plate. Among those α martensites, onlythe thinplate martensite, which is characterized by containing a high density of transformation twins, has a potential of exhibiting a perfect shape memory (SM) effect.Recently the present authors found in Fe-Ni-Si alloys that the thin-plate martensite is formed by the introduction of fine and coherent γ-(Ni,Fe)3Si particles with a L12 ordered structure in the austenite matrix due to ausaging. In the present study, the SM properties of the ausaged Fe-Ni-Si alloys with the thin-plate martensite are investigated by a conventional bending-test. The effects of the addition of Co to the Fe-Ni-Si alloys on the martensitic transformation and the SM properties are also investigated. It is shown that while the ausaged Fe-Ni-Si ternary alloys exhibit an imperfect SM effect due to reverse transformation from stress-induced thin-plate martensite to austenite, the SM properties are improved by the addition of Co. An almost perfect SM effect is confirmed in the Fe-Ni-Si-Co alloys by heating to 1 100 ℃ after deformation at -196 ℃. 相似文献
55.
SrO and CaO, related compounds of BSCCO superconductor, are grown onto SrTiO3(100) substrates with molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) technique. During growth, the specular spots of RHEED patterns show intensity oscillations, indicating two dimensional growth. The periods of oscillations are utilized to calculate the atom fluxes. It is shown that sublimation processes of both Sr and Ca metals in the effusion cells are stable under the growth condition of oxide films. The periods of oscillations during the SrO growth are independent of substrate temperature, confirming that Sr atoms are oxidized immediately and stay on the substrate surface without re-evaporation. These informations are practically available for precise control of the atomic layer controlled MBE of BSCCO superconductor thin films.On leave from Superconductiivity Research Laboratory, ISTEC. 相似文献
56.
Atsushi Kanamori Fumio Tanaka Masaki Ominami Yuji Nadatani Shusei Fukunaga Koji Otani Shuhei Hosomi Noriko Kamata Yasuaki Nagami Koichi Taira Yasuhiro Fujiwara 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(15)
The effects of psychological stress on eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders have not been elucidated. This study investigated the effects of psychological stress in a mouse model of eosinophilic enteritis (EoN). BALB/c mice were treated with ovalbumin (OVA) to create an EoN model and subjected to either water avoidance stress (WAS) or sham stress (SS). Microscopic inflammation, eosinophil and mast cell counts, mRNA expression, and protein levels of type 2 helper T cell (Th2) cytokines in the ileum were compared between groups. We evaluated ex vivo intestinal permeability using an Ussing chamber. A corticotropin-releasing hormone type 1 receptor (CRH-R1) antagonist was administered before WAS, and its effects were analyzed. WAS significantly increased diarrhea occurrence and, eosinophil and mast cell counts, and decreased the villus/crypt ratio compared to those in the SS group. The mRNA expression of CRH, interleukin IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin-1, and mast cell tryptase β2 significantly increased, and the protein levels of IL-5, IL-13, and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) also significantly increased in the WAS group. Moreover, WAS significantly increased the intestinal permeability. The CRH-R1 antagonist significantly inhibited all changes induced by WAS. Psychological stress exacerbated ileal inflammation via the CRH-mast cell axis in an EoN mouse model. 相似文献
57.
58.
术语抽取从非结构化文本中自动抽取专业术语。该工作在中文分词、信息抽取、知识库构建中发挥着重要的作用。当前术语抽取方法很大程度上依赖于词的统计信息,由于基础教育学科中术语具有极强的长尾特性,导致基于统计的术语抽取方法很难抽取出处于尾端的术语。该文结合基础教育的学科特点,提出了DRTE: 一种利用术语定义与术语关系挖掘,综合构词规则与边界检测的术语抽取方法。该文以初高中的数学课本为数据源进行术语抽取,实验结果表明我们的术语抽取方法F1值达到82.7%,相比目前的方法提高了40.8%,能够有效地在中文基础教育领域进行自动化的术语抽取。 相似文献
59.
Yuji Takeda Masami Takagi Takayoshi Kurita Yoji Watanabe Mamoru Amano Hiroki Nakano 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2003,11(4):667-673
Abstract— A reliable external‐electrode mercury fluorescent lamp (EEFL) has been developed for backlighting a liquid‐crystal‐television (LC‐TV) display. This involved the investigation of the EEFL characteristics and the improvement in the construction of the EEFL and drive waveforms, in the frequency range of 50–200 kHz, that affects the EEFL characteristics. The results showed that a sinusoidal waveform is suitable for driving the EEFL, and EEFL's voltage decreases when the frequency of the drive waveform is increased. 相似文献
60.