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71.
Soap‐free emulsion copolymerization of perfluoroalkyl acrylate (FA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA)/n‐butyl acrylate (n‐BA) was carried out in the presence of sodium 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl propanesulfonate (AMPSNa) as a reactive surfactant and potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. An analysis of the effects of concentration of AMPSNa, KPS, FA as well as polymerization temperature on the kinetic features (rate of polymerization) and colloidal characteristics (mean particle diameter, particle disperse index, particle numbers, and surface charge density) was followed. NMR, FTIR, AFM, and fluorine‐selective electrode analysis were used to characterize the composition and morphology of the FA copolymers. Both AFM analysis and contact angle measurements strongly implied that the fluorinated segments migrated to the outmost surface and created films with lower surface energy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2438–2444, 2007 相似文献
72.
洗涤剂用4A沸石工业的回顾及展望 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
4A沸石具有软化水质的作用,是全球公认的优良的代磷助剂。介绍了洗涤剂用4A沸石在世界各地的发展历程和现状,指出了国际洗涤剂用4A沸石的发展趋势,并就国内洗涤剂用4A沸石提出了发展建议。 相似文献
73.
Freon 11 gas hydrate was used to block the pores of four size ranges of sand from 24 mesh to 60 mesh. A 50.8 mm deep bed of sand when thus “frozen” with hydrate could sustain a dfferential water pressure of at least 6895 kPa. A subcooling of about 5 to 6°C below its thermodynamic formation temperature was required to cause the hydrate to form such a plug. Once formed, the hydrate remained stable at temperatures up to its decomposition temperature. The time required for the hydrate crystal to grow to a size large enough to block the pores of the bed was about two hours. The amount of hydrate forming agent required to block the sand pores was found to be approximately that calculated from the ideal composition of the hydrate. 相似文献
74.
阻燃增塑剂溴化及溴氯化石蜡的合成工艺 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
综述了阻燃增塑剂溴化及溴氯化石蜡的各种合成工艺路线,讨论了相应的合成反应机理.包括反应历程和有关化学热力学计算,简要介绍了安徽省化工研究院已工业化的溴化及溴氯化石蜡合成工艺的特点。 相似文献
75.
76.
Jiuxin Jiang Bo Zhu Peiling Wang Weiwu Chen Dongsheng Yan Hanrui Zhuang Yibing Cheng 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2005,88(4):950-953
The Pr α-sialon powders prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), consisting of 55 wt% Pr α-sialon and 45 wt% of β-sialon (abbreviated as α' and β'), were hot-pressed at 1800°C for 1 h. The results showed that Pr α' phase would transfer to β' with the appearance of JEM phase (Pr(Si6− z Al z )(N10− z O z )) after sintering, thus resulting in the increase of β' phase to 86 wt%. The addition of Y2 O3 into SHS-ed Pr α' powders as the starting materials restrains the transformation of α' to β' and prevents the formation of JEM phase as well. The nucleation mechanism of Pr α' grain during hot-pressing was investigated in terms of transmission electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis. Two nucleation modes of Pr α' grains were found, i.e., nucleating on the undissolved Pr α' grains and on the nuclei of (Pr, Y) α' grains precipitated from liquid phase. 相似文献
77.
78.
Changhui Ni Jun Yan Gengdong Cheng Xu Guo 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2014,50(1):113-128
The present paper studies the integrated size and topology optimization of skeletal structures under natural frequency constraints. It is found that, unlike the conventional compliance-oriented topology optimization problems, the considered problem may be strongly singular in the sense that the corresponding feasible domain may be disconnected and the global optimal solutions are often located at the tips of some separated low dimensional sub-domains when the cross-sectional areas of the structural components are used as design variables. As in the case of stress-constrained topology optimization, this unpleasant behavior may prevent the gradient-based numerical optimization algorithms from finding the true optimal topologies. To overcome the difficulties posed by the strongly singular optima, some particular forms of area/moment of inertia-density interpolation schemes, which can restore the connectedness of the feasible domain, are proposed. Based on the proposed optimization model, the probability of finding the strongly singular optimum with gradient-based algorithms can be increased. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. 相似文献
79.
赵红玉 《数码设计:surface》2014,(1):169-171
当今社会已进入信息化时代,作为美学和功能学相结合的艺术设计专业,与发展迅猛的信息技术相结合是顺应时代发展的必然现象,信息技术为艺术设计提供了新的技术支撑和思维模式,大大促进了教与学的优化与提升,更好的培养和提高了学生的信息素质,从而使艺术设计从业人员创作出更能符合受众者所需的艺术设计作品。 相似文献
80.
简单介绍了目前不饱和伯羟基聚醚封端的几种常用方法,讨论了最具可操性的工艺方案,即利用醋酸酐酯化封端工艺各因素对封端结果影响的问题,通过系列正交实验数据,得出最佳封端剂用量、反应温度及时间等工艺条件。 相似文献