This paper presents the development of a multipurpose simulator with the general model describing a four-component, three-phase (oil, aqua, gas), multi-dimensional, finite-difference polymer injection simulator. The model uses a block-centered grid and a seven-point finite-difference scheme. Fluid saturations and pressure distributions are obtained from a fully implicit formulation using Newton's method, whereas polymer concentration is obtained, in a subsequent step, explicitly using the method of cascade. Practical features of the present simulator include: (1) a truly multipurpose simulation; and (2) ease of preparing a batch data file required for the simulator. A novel and simple procedure is implemented to reduce the general model of the polymer injection simulator (polymer, oil, aqua, and gas) to: (1) three-phase black-oil simulator (oil, water, and gas); (2) two-phase black-oil simulators (oil and water, oil and gas, or water and gas); (3) two-phase polymer injection simulator (polymer, oil, and aqua); and (4) one-phase simulators (oil, water, or gas) with only the relevant equations being solved at the matrix level for each simulator. Guidelines for other practical features are also presented.The simulator was tested and verified using a polymer injection test problem and a gas injection bench mark test problem both reported in the literature. The simulator was also used to model a field case and some results are highlighted. 相似文献
CO2 hydrogenation was studied with catalysts containing 1.5–35 wt% Co supported on carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, low-layered graphite fragments and composites of carbon nanotube-Nb2O5. All catalytic processes with Co/supported catalysts were investigated using XRF, DSC, TGA, H2-TPR, TEM, SEM and XPS. Based on obtained results, it is indicated that the products from CO2 hydrogenation were CH4 and/or CO under reaction conditions pressure of 1.5 MPa and temperature of 200–500 °C, as well as the size of the particles of Co and their phase state directly affected on the catalysts activity. 3 wt% Co catalyst supported on carbon nanotubes has shown catalytic inactivity due to amorphous state of metal. It is possible to activate them during Co crystallization after thermal treatment. It is shown, that the size of Co particles supported on carbon nanotubes is 4–6 nm. The methods of fictionalization the surface of carbon nanomaterials ensuring an additional stability of metal nanoparticles is recommended. 相似文献
The presence of Mn(II) in water exceeding the permitted concentration limits declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) influences individuals, animals, and the ecosystem negatively. Therefore, there is a necessity for an efficient material to eliminate this potentially toxic element from wastewater. We herein focused on the adsorptive removal of Mn(II) ions from polluted aqueous media using natural Egyptian glauconite clay (G) and its nanocomposites with modified chitosan (CS). We applied modified chitosan with glutaraldehyde (GL), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The utilized nanocomposites were referred to as GL-CS/G, EDTA-GL-CS/G, SDS-CS/G, and CTAB-CS/G, respectively. The point of zero charge values of the materials were estimated. The adsorption properties of the G clay and its nanocomposites toward the removal of Mn(II) ions from polluted aqueous media as well as the adsorption mechanism were explored using a batch technique. The glauconite (G) and its nanocomposites: GL-CS/G, CTAB-CS/G, EDTA-GL-CS/G, and SDS-CS/G, exhibited maximum adsorption capacity values of 3.60, 24.0, 26.0, 27.0, and 27.9 mg g?1, respectively. The adsorption results fitted well the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The estimated thermodynamic parameters: ΔH° (from 1.03 to 5.55 kJ/mol) and ΔG° (from ? 14.5 to ? 18.8 kJ/mol), indicated that Mn(II) ion adsorption process was endothermic, spontaneous, and physisorption controlled. Furthermore, the obtained adsorption results are encouraging and revealing a great potentiality for using the modified adsorbents as accessible adsorbents for Mn(II) ion removal from polluted aqueous solutions, depending on their reusability, high stability, and good adsorption capacities.
One of the significant uncertainties in Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer (SPRT) calibration by fixed-points method is Type I non-uniqueness (sub-range inconsistencies). Sub-ranges water-tin (W9) and water-indium (W10) lies in the water-zinc (W8) sub-range of the International Temperature Scale of 1990. Therefore, three sub-range inconsistencies [W8 and W9 (SRI8–9), W8 and W10 (SRI8–10), and W9 and W10 (SRI9–10)] occur. This paper investigated these inconsistencies using the calibration data of 12 SPRTs from six manufacturers. The result shows that the magnitude of the inconsistency for SRI8–9, SRI8–10, and SRI9–10 are about 2.5, 2.2 and 1.8 mK, respectively. 相似文献
The cover image, by José Antonio Díaz et al., is based on the Research Article Kinetic modelling of the glycerol oxidation in the liquid phase: comparison of Pt, Au and Ag AS active phases, DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5296 . Photo Credit: CNRS Photothèque / Cyril FRESILLON.
In this paper, we introduce a mobile application with intelligent systems to provide services for cyclists and enhance their cycling experiences in smart cities. The application utilizes smartphones and low-power ZigBee technology for ad-hoc networking. Since ZigBee chipsets have not been included yet in recent smartphones, we develop a Smartphone-ZigBee embedded system that we use in building a mobile application for low-power low-bandwidth wireless ad-hoc networking with acceptable ranges. Cyclists can join either public networks or create their own private networks to exchange information and utilize several developed services. For voice communication between cyclists, we develop a multilingual voice communication system with an innovative smart spectrum and energy management approach. A sender cyclist can speak in his own language while being translated and heard in a clear voice by the receiver cyclist in another language with an acceptable delay less than 1 s. We also develop an intelligent geo-localization system that utilizes smartphone’s GPS receiver to provide real-time geo-locations and speeds of all cyclists connected to the same network on a visual interactive map. The latter system adaptively manages the number of visits to the GPS receiver according to various system parameters to reduce power consumption. Moreover, we develop an emergency system that provides a platform for efficient collaboration between cyclists in emergency conditions. To ensure safety of cyclists, all our services are accessed vocally. Furthermore, we provide an energy harvesting system using the movement of the bike for power generation. 相似文献
One can reduce dramatically the sizes of the planar antennas by introducing short-circuits in the structure of the antennas. In this paper, we present a miniaturized C-patch antenna excited by means of a coaxial probe. The antenna consists of two stacked C-shaped elements connected together with a vertical conducting plane. The antenna is designed on an air substrate and offers attractive dimensions, being five times lower than those of a conventional half wavelength microstrip patch antenna operating at the same frequency. Firstly, one presents the optimal geometry of the antenna and the results of the simulations which are compared with measurements in regard to the input impedance and radiation patterns. From this optimal configuration, a study parametric has been investigated for the all sizes of the antenna, in order to show the influence of each one on the resonance fre quency and the bandwidth. We will present also an application where this antenna is used in a proximity communication system between two computers. 相似文献