TiAl基合金双态组织的控制

研究了TiAl合金双态组织的显微组织参数对力学性能的影响 ,通过对Ti 46 5Al 2Cr 1 5Nb 1V金属间化合物进行特定的热处理 ;分别获得了具有相同晶粒大小、不同片层晶粒体积分数 ,以及相同片层晶粒体积分数、不同晶粒大小显微组织的两个系列的双态复相TiAl合金。研究结果表明 :对于双态复相组织 ,晶粒尺寸由预备热处理过程中的退火时间来控制 ;而片层晶粒体积分数则通过后续热处理温度来控制 ,不同片层晶粒含量双态组织的晶粒尺度可以通过后续热处理时间来控制     

双孔模型材挤压过程的有限元分析

本文采用大变形弹塑性有限元理论 ,对双孔模型材挤压成形过程进行了有限元分析。模拟了双孔模非对称角铝型材挤压变形过程 ,获得了挤压变形时网格畸变、流速、应力和应变分布 ,展示了型材挤压件变形不均匀细节。并与单孔模型材挤压过程进行了比较 ,发现双孔模[1] 挤压时 ,变形体内存在两个互为相反方向的涡流场 ,它们相互抵消 ,从而可以消除型材挤压过程中产生的扭拧、波浪、弯曲等缺陷。为提高挤压件质量 ,优化设计多孔型材挤压模以及制定合理的工艺 ,提供了理论依据     

西南地区不同山地环境梯度叶面积指数遥感反演

叶面积指数(LAI)遥感估算是植被定量遥感研究的热点之一,监测植被LAI时空变化对于研究陆地生态系统碳循环及全球变化等具有非常重要的意义。在我国西南山区设置10个50km×50km的观测样区作为研究区,其中包括5个森林生态系统样区、3个农田生态系统样区和2个草地生态系统样区。分别获取不同优势植被类型LAI地面实测数据,结合同期获取的遥感数据,考虑地形因素影响,基于偏最小二乘原理分别构建各样区LAI遥感估算模型,并采用交叉验证的方式对模型精度进行评价。结果表明:考虑了海拔、坡度和坡向等地形因子的森林LAI遥感反演模型与未考虑地形变量的模型相比,其验证精度有所提高,R2由0.30~0.75提高至0.50~0.80,RMSE由0.52~0.93m2/m2降低至0.48~0.89m2/m2;所有样区优势植被类型LAI反演模型验证R2在0.40~0.80之间,RMSE在0.22~0.89m2/m2之间。发展的LAI遥感估算方法有助于认知山地植被LAI反演的地形效应问题,可为进一步的山地植被长势监测提供科学依据。     

Gait Generation and Stabilization for Nearly Passive Dynamic Walking Using Auto‐distributed Impulses

We propose a state feedback control design via linearization for flexible walking on flat ground. First, we generate nearly passive limit cycles, being stable or not, using impulsive toe‐off actuations. The term ‘nearly passive’ means that the dynamics is completely passive almost everywhere except at the toe‐off moment. A feature of our gait generation method is that walking gaits are characterized only by amounts of supplied energy, and we observe that other variables, including input torques, are auto‐balanced via our method. After gait generation, we design a feedback controller considering robustness and input saturation. As a result, each limit cycle can be matched with its respective controller classified only by energy levels. We have verified that walking speeds monotonically increase by adding more energy, and the ankle joint plays a significant role in compass‐gait walking. Finally, instead of applying impulsive torques, we discuss a practical issue regarding realistic control inputs that ensure stable gait transitions as energy levels are elevated.     

三峡水情遥测系统中心站的设计与应用

三峡水情遥测系统中心站在通信组网设计上采用甚高频（VHF）、公共交换电话网络（PSTN）、全球移动通信系统（GSM）、北斗卫星和海事卫星5种通信方式,在系统软件设计上采用了客户／服务器（C／S）的结构模式。实践证明,三峡水情遥测系统中心站既保证了三峡水情遥测系统非常高的畅通率和准确率,又降低了通信成本;既保证了三峡梯级水库调度、防洪、发电和航运的要求,同时还为系统运行维护工作提供了方便。     

Tensor Clustering for Rendering Many‐Light Animations

Rendering animations of scenes with deformable objects, camera motion, and complex illumination, including indirect lighting and arbitrary shading, is a long‐standing challenge. Prior work has shown that complex lighting can be accurately approximated by a large collection of point lights. In this formulation, rendering of animation sequences becomes the problem of efficiently shading many surface samples from many lights across several frames. This paper presents a tensor formulation of the animated many‐light problem, where each element of the tensor expresses the contribution of one light to one pixel in one frame. We sparsely sample rows and columns of the tensor, and introduce a clustering algorithm to select a small number of representative lights to efficiently approximate the animation. Our algorithm achieves efficiency by reusing representatives across frames, while minimizing temporal flicker. We demonstrate our algorithm in a variety of scenes that include deformable objects, complex illumination and arbitrary shading and show that a surprisingly small number of representative lights is sufficient for high quality rendering. We believe out algorithm will find practical use in applications that require fast previews of complex animation.     

Performance Evaluation of a Multi-Zone Application in Different OpenMP Approaches

We describe a performance study of a multi-zone application benchmark implemented in several OpenMP approaches that exploit multi-level parallelism and deal with unbalanced workload. The multi-zone application was derived from the well-known NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB) suite that involves flow solvers on collections of loosely coupled discretization meshes. Parallel versions of this application have been developed using the Subteam concept and Workqueuing model as extensions to the current OpenMP. We examine the performance impact of these extensions to OpenMP and compare with hybrid and nested OpenMP approaches on several large parallel systems.     

Semantic segmentation of urban street scene images based on improved U-Net network

To balance the speed and accuracy in semantic segmentation of the urban street images for autonomous driving, we proposed an improved U-Net network. Firstly, to improve the model representation capability, our improved U-Net network structure was designed as three parts, shallow layer, intermediate layer and deep layer. Different attention mechanisms were used according to their feature extraction characteristics. Specifically, a spatial attention module was used in the shallow network, a dual attention module was used in the intermediate layer network and a channel attention module was used in the deep network. At the same time, the traditional convolution was replaced by depthwise separable convolution in above three parts, which can largely reduce the number of network parameters, and improve the network operation speed greatly. The experimental results on three datasets show that our improved U-Net semantic segmentation model for street images can get better results in both segmentation accuracy and speed. The average mean intersection over union (MIoU) is 68.8%, which is increased by 9.2% and the computation speed is about 38 ms/frame. We can process 27 frames images for segmentation per second, which meets the real-time process and accuracy requirements for semantic segmentation of urban street images.     

基于概率假设密度滤波和动力学方程约束的空间群目标数量和位置分辨

空间目标具有射程远、速度快等特点,为了有效解决密集性高、可分性差的高速空间目标群饱和攻击问题,实现非合作空间群目标数量和位置的尽早分辨,该文基于随机有限集(RFS)理论和动力学方程约束研究了空间“团状”目标数量和位置分辨问题,提出目标监测早期解决大量距离靠近、运动特征差异不明显的高速空间群目标数量和位置估计的相关算法,该算法利用概率假设密度(PHD)滤波器能够解决未知时变环境下目标个数与状态估计的特点,将高斯混合PHD (GM-PHD)滤波和空间目标动力学方程相结合,在解决不可分辨空间群目标数量和位置估计问题的同时,充分利用空间目标动力学方程对群内目标状态进行实时调整,提高空间目标位置状态估计精度,解决不可分辨空间目标群边跟踪边分辨问题,相关算法可为空间群目标数量和群内特殊价值个体目标位置尽快分辨、连续稳定跟踪和可靠动向预报等提供数据基础。     

Ti3AlC2 coated D-shaped fiber saturable absorber for Q-switched pulse generation

In this letter, a titanium aluminum carbide (Ti3AlC2) coated D-shaped fiber is proposed and demonstrated as a new saturable absorber (SA) for Q-switched laser pulse generation. In preparing the SA, the Ti3AlC2 powder is dispersed in liquid polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) before the solution is dropped and left to dry onto a polished surface of D-shape fiber. The SA is added to an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity to modulate the cavity loss for Q-switching. The Q-switched laser is obtained at 1 561 nm. The pulse width of the pulses can be varied between 7.4 µs and 5.1 µs with a corresponding repetition rate range from 41.26 kHz to 54.35 kHz, when the pump power is increased from 42.2 mW to 71.5 mW. At 71.5 mW pump, the pulse energy is obtained at 70.3 nJ. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the fundamental frequency is recorded at 67 dB, which indicates the stability of the laser.