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1.
This paper examines the relationship between self-efficacy and social power (expert and referent) and how the application of this relationship, leads to client adherence and compliance. Referent power is defined, including methods that health care professionals may use to develop and apply referent power. Expert power is defined and addressed in the context of referent power, self-esteem and self-efficacy as a means of promoting adherence. Self-efficacy as a concept is defined and explored in the context of social power. The relationships between self-efficacy and social power (expert and referent) are shown as important determinants of adherence and compliance. The theory of the application of referent and expert power in relationship with self-efficacy has been compared with an effective programme, yielding high compliance, at Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, showing the theory's relevance and applicability in determining compliance. Explored are the reasons for non-compliance in the elderly population and how the theory model can remedy these detriments for compliance. The empowerment of elderly patients through the application of this theory to medication compliance is examined. The determination of adherence and compliance is shown by the application of the relationship between self-efficacy and both expert and referent power. 相似文献
2.
The neuronal cytoskeleton is one of the most profoundly altered organelles in late life neuro-degenerative disorders that are characterized by progressive impairments in cognitive abilities. The elucidation of the protein building blocks of these organelles as well as advances in understanding how these proteins become altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other less common dementing illnesses, i.e., diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD) or the Lewy body variant of AD (LBVAD), will provide insights into the molecular basis of these disorders. Within, we review evidence that normal adult human tau is abnormally phosphorylated and converted into the subunits of AD paired helical filaments (PHFs), and that Lewy bodies (LBs) represent accumulation of altered neurofilament (NF) triplet subunits. Although the precise biological consequences of PHF and LB formation in neurons is unknown, growing evidence suggests that the formation of PHFs and LBs from normal neuronal cytoskeletal proteins could have deleterious effects on neuronal function and survival. Finally, insights into the composition of PHFs and LBs could lead to the development of novel strategies for the timely and accurate diagnosis of AD, DLBD and the LBVAD. 相似文献
3.
F. -U. Gast P. S. Dittrich P. Schwille M. Weigel M. Mertig J. Opitz U. Queitsch S. Diez B. Lincoln F. Wottawah S. Schinkinger J. Guck J. Käs J. Smolinski K. Salchert C. Werner C. Duschl M. S. Jäger K. Uhlig P. Geggier S. Howitz 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2006,2(1):21-36
We describe a novel microfluidic perfusion system for high-resolution microscopes. Its modular design allows pre-coating of
the coverslip surface with reagents, biomolecules, or cells. A poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) layer is cast in a special molding
station, using masters made by photolithography and dry etching of silicon or by photoresist patterning on glass or silicon.
This channel system can be reused while the coverslip is exchanged between experiments. As normal fluidic connectors are used,
the link to external, computer-programmable syringe pumps is standardized and various fluidic channel networks can be used
in the same setup. The system can house hydrogel microvalves and microelectrodes close to the imaging area to control the
influx of reaction partners. We present a range of applications, including single-molecule analysis by fluorescence correlation
spectroscopy (FCS), manipulation of single molecules for nanostructuring by hydrodynamic flow fields or the action of motor
proteins, generation of concentration gradients, trapping and stretching of live cells using optical fibers precisely mounted
in the PDMS layer, and the integration of microelectrodes for actuation and sensing. 相似文献
4.
S Kriwanek P Beckerhinn W Blauensteiner K Dittrich C Armbruster 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,380(2):70-74
BACKGROUND: Although gastric bypass is an effective treatment for morbid obesity, the postoperative results are unsatisfactory in 10% of all patients. Therapeutic failures after an operation performed with the sole purpose of reducing the risk of obesity-associated diseases have to be taken seriously. The goal of this study was to investigate the causes of these failures. METHOD: From 1979 to 1993, 165 gastric bypass operations (technique: Mason-Griffen) were performed. Long-term results were obtained in 60 patients after an average of 6.6 years (range 3-13). On follow-up all patients were examined and asked about their level of satisfaction with the weight loss achieved and changes in eating habits. RESULTS: In 6 patients the weight reduction was regarded as insufficient (BMI > 35 and reduction of BMI < 10). The causes of these failures were technical in 3 cases (gastric pouch to 0 large in 1, dilatation of gastrojejunostomy in 2). Three patients had a high calorie intake through an intact gastric bypass by snacking. Three patients regarded the operation as a failure although they had achieved significant weight loss, because they could no longer eat the usual amounts of food. CONCLUSION: Correct surgical technique and preoperative information on the changes in eating habits after a gastric bypass operation are the most important steps in preventing therapeutic failures. 相似文献
5.
Three-dimensional, turbulent fluid flow analysis with computational methods has emerged as a viable tool in the design process
of engine components for passenger cars. If applied in the early stages of the component development such analysis can help
reduce the product development time drastically, and may support the design engineer to evaluate several competing design
aspects before product completion. However the grid generation for complex geometries still poses a difficult and time consuming
taks which strongly influences the accuracy of the numerical solution. The present paper studies the numerical solution of
the flow in an inlet-manifold of a five-cylinder engine with two intake-ports for each cylinder. A fast and reliable grid
generation technique is discussed in detail. The finite volume based Navier-Stokes solver with schemes of first and second
order accuracy for the convective terms is used. Numerical results at several mass flow rates and different boundary conditions
at the intake ports are compared with measurements. Finally, the computational results are discussed with respect to their
applicability to support the design process of an inlet-manifold. 相似文献
6.
7.
Hataichanok Unphon Author Vitae Yvonne Dittrich Author Vitae 《Journal of Systems and Software》2010,83(11):2211-2226
Software architecture has been established in software engineering for almost 40 years. When developing and evolving software products, architecture is expected to be even more relevant compared to contract development. However, the research results seem not to have influenced the development practice around software products very much. The architecture often only exists implicitly in discussions that accompany the development. Nonetheless many of the software products have been used for over 10, or even 20 years. How do development teams manage to accommodate changing needs and at the same time maintain the quality of the product? In order to answer this question, grounded theory study based on 15 semi-structured interviews was conducted in order to find out about the wide spectrum of architecture practices in software product developing organisations. Our results indicate that a chief architect or central developer acts as a ‘walking architecture’ devising changes and discussing local designs while at the same time updating his own knowledge about problematic aspects that need to be addressed. Architecture documentation and representations might not be used, especially if they replace the feedback from on-going developments into the ‘architecturing’ practices. Referring to results from Computer Supported Cooperative Work, we discuss how explicating the existing architecture needs to be complemented by social protocols to support the communication and knowledge sharing processes of the ‘walking architecture’. 相似文献
8.
Velocity Distribution in the Roughness Layer of Rough-Bed Flows 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vladimir Nikora Katinka Koll Ian McEwan Stephen McLean Andreas Dittrich 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,130(10):1036-1042
Several models for the vertical distribution of the double-averaged (in time and in the plane parallel to the mean bed) longitudinal velocity in the flow region between roughness troughs and roughness tops are suggested. We found that the same model for velocity distribution may be applicable to a range of flow conditions and roughness types, which share some common features. The suggested models for velocity distribution in the near-bed region are: (1) Constant velocity; (2) exponential velocity distribution; and (3) linear velocity distribution. The measured velocity distributions may be approximated by a single model or by a combination of models depending on roughness geometry and flow conditions. The validity of these models for velocity distribution is supported by laboratory data. 相似文献
9.
Exergy analysis of incremental sheet forming 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. A. Dittrich T. G. Gutowski J. Cao J. T. Roth Z. C. Xia V. Kiridena F. Ren H. Henning 《Production Engineering》2012,6(2):169-177
Research in the last 15 years has led to die-less incremental forming processes that are close to realization in an industrial
setup. Whereas many studies have been carried out with the intention of investigating technical abilities and economic consequences,
the ecological impact of incremental sheet forming (ISF) has not been studied so far. Using the concept of exergy analysis,
two ISF technologies, namely single sided and double sided incremental forming, are investigated and compared to conventional
forming and hydroforming. A second exergy analysis is carried out with the purpose of examining the environmental impact of
different forming technologies from a supply chain perspective. Therefore, related upstream activities (die set production,
aluminum sheet production and energy conversion and supply) are included into the exergy analysis. The entire supply chain
is modeled with Matlab/Simulink. The results of both analyses suggest that ISF is environmentally advantageous for prototyping
and small production runs. 相似文献
10.
Svenja Dittrich Elisabeth Reitz Karl Günter Schell Ethel Claudia Bucharsky Michael J. Hoffmann 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2020,17(3):1304-1313
Glass ceramics are supposed to produce stable sealants between ceramic electrolyte and ferritic steel in planar SOFC stacks. The screen printing method is a suitable industrial process in order to produce layers with tailored height and width reproducibly. An appropriate suspension was developed for this application and improved by adjusting the additive composition. This study investigates the rheological behavior of screen printing inks and the corresponding topography of the printed layers. Rotary measurements were carried out to analyse the impact of shear rates on viscosity showing shear thinning behavior. In addition, oscillatory rheometry is performed to gain information about the viscoelastic properties of the slurries and to understand the internal structure of the developed inks. The viscoelasticity and the recovery behavior after shear loading are crucial for the topography of printed films. The principal investigations are executed on solvent-based suspensions, whereby the knowledge gained is used for a transfer to water-based systems allowing a more environmentally friendly handling. 相似文献