RIGHT TO THE SUBURB? RETHINKING LEFEBVRE AND IMMIGRANT ACTIVISM

ABSTRACT: In the face of increasing migration by Latinos to suburbs and multi‐scalar policies criminalizing immigrants, municipalities are increasingly confronting the question, Who has the Right to the Suburb? We seek to better understand how the tensions between suburbanites and Latino immigrants are addressed by municipal governments as immigration enforcement is increasingly rescaled to the local level. Case studies of Maywood and Costa Mesa in Southern California suggest responses are by no means similar and can actually be contrasting, given the city's historical trajectories, socio‐economic status, political leadership, and networks of activists. Suburban struggles are often assumed to be conservative and as a result are undertheorized as sites of liberatory struggle. While the urban realm remains the most visible stage of social movements, this paper suggests immigrant activism is increasingly being generated in suburbs, election‐based organizing can be an effective gateway to municipal level change, and seeking to expand or constrict the Right to the City necessarily entails multi‐scalar efforts.     

Differential interaction of seed polyphenols from grapes collected at different maturity stages with the protein fraction of saliva

Grape seed and skin proanthocyanidins undergo significant changes during grape maturation. Those changes have been associated with a decreased astringency of grapes collected at later maturation stages. We have now compared the ability of proanthocyanidin‐rich extracts from Carménère grape seeds collected at two stages of berry development (veraison vs. harvest) both to interact with salivary proteins and to produce astringency. Interaction of proanthocyanidins with the salivary protein was assessed by analysing the concentration‐dependent effect of seed extracts both on inducing salivary protein precipitation and on restricting diffusion of the salivary protein on cellulose membranes. Seed extracts from grapes collected at veraison compared with those of grapes collected at harvest displayed a higher ability both to interact with the salivary protein fraction and to produce astringency. As a whole, our observations show that astringency is closely dependent on the magnitude of the interactions between proanthocyanidins and the salivary protein fraction.     

Influence of CTAB on the electrochemical behavior of dopamine and on its analytic determination in the presence of ascorbic acid

This research work concerns the electrochemical study of dopamine and ascorbic acid in the presence of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. From this study is possible to note that the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide greatest influence was on the dopamine, because it disfavors both its oxidation and reduction, thereby giving a smaller heterogeneous rate constant, k ⁰, value than in its absence, provoking that the process tends to irreversibility. On the contrary, for the ascorbic acid case, its oxidation was favored; these effects can influence the separation of the dopamine and ascorbic acid voltammetric signals up to 453 mV. Further, the method could be optimized through differential pulse voltammetry to proceed with the analytic determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid displaying usable analytic parameters, namely: a linearity range of 0–130 μM, a sensitivity of (6.318 ± 0.002) μA mM^?1, a detection limit of (11 ± 0.1) μM, and a quantification limit of (37 ± 0.2) μM, which made it possible to effect the quantification on a commercial pharmaceutical sample.     

Induction heating of mastic containing conductive fibers and fillers

The objective of this research is to examine the induction heating of mastic through the addition of electrically conductive fillers and fibers (graphite and steel wool), and to prove that this material can be healed with induction energy. The effect of fibers content, sand–bitumen ratio and the combination of fillers and fibers on the induction heating of mastic was investigated. It was found that there is an optimum content of fibers for each sand–bitumen ratio, above which mastic cannot be heated any more. This optimum seems to coincide with the optimum electrical conductivity of the mixture shown in [1]. It was found that the maximum temperature reached within a certain time period was a function of the sand–bitumen ratio (s–b) and of the volume content of fibers. The mastic could be heated with the addition of a very low volume of conductive fibers. The fastest heating power was obtained with the mix with the maximum electrical conductivity. Gel-Permeation Chromatography (GPC) was also used to show that there is not ageing of bitumen during the heating process.