Impact of Shaft Stiffness on Inertial Response of Fixed Speed Wind Turbines

Future power system faces several challenges,one of them is the high penetration level of intermittent wind power generation,providing small or even no inertial response and being not contributing to the frequency stability.The effect of shaft stiffness on inertial response of fixed speed wind turbines is presented.Four different drive-train models based on the multi-body system are developed.The small-signal analysis demonstrates no significant differences between models in terms of electro-mechanical eigen-values for increasing shaft stiffness.The natural resonance frequency of drive-train torsion modes shows slightly different values between damped and undamped models,but no significant differences are found in the number-mass models.Time-domain simulations show the changes in the active power contribution of a wind farm based on a fixed speed wind turbine during the system frequency disturbance.The changes in the kinetic energy during the dynamic process are calculated and their contribution to the inertia constant is small and effective.The largest contribution of the kinetic energy is provided at the beginning of the system frequency disturbance to reduce the rate of the frequency change,it is positive for the frequency stability.     

An optical flow-based method to predict infantile cerebral palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a perinatally acquired nonprogressive brain damage resulting in motor impairment affecting mobility and posture. Early identification of infants with CP is desired to target early interventions and follow-up. During early infancy, distinct motion patterns occur which are highly predictive for later disability. These motor patterns can be observed and recorded. In this paper, a method to predict later CP based on early video recordings of the infants' spontaneous movements, applying optical flow and statistical pattern recognition, is presented. We extract motion information from video recordings of young infants using a total variation related optical flow method. By using wavelet analysis features from motion trajectories of points initiated on a regular grid were extracted and classified using a support vector machine.     

Modeling of biodiesel production: Performance comparison of Box-Behnken,face central composite and full factorial design

The performances of the response surface methodology (RSM) in connection with the Box-Behnken, face central composite or full factorial design (BBD, FCCD or FFD, respectively) were compared for the use in modeling of the NaOH-catalyzed sunflower oil ethanolysis. The influence of temperature, catalyst loading, and ethanol-to-oil molar ratio (EOMR) on fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) content was evaluated. All three multivariate strategies were efficient in the statistical modeling and optimization of the influential process variables but BBD and FCCD realization involved less number of experiments, generating smaller costs, requiring less work and consuming shorter time than the corresponding FFD. All three designs resulted in the same optimal catalyst loading (1.25% of oil) and EOMR (12:1). The reduced two-factorinteraction (2FI) models based on the BBD and FCCD defined a range of optimal reaction temperature (25℃-75℃) and 25℃, respectively while the same model based on the 3³ FFD appointed 75℃. The predicted FAEE content of about 97%-98.0% was close to the experimentally obtained FAEE content of about 97.0%-97.6% under the optimal reaction conditions. Therefore, the simpler BBD or FCCD might successfully be applied for statistical modeling of biodiesel production processes instead of the more extensive, more laborious and more expensive FFD.     

Geochemistry of upper Permian siliceous rocks from the Lower Yangtze region, southeastern China: implications for the origin of chert and Permian ocean chemistry

The Permian Chert Event is of great significance to understanding the geological evolution of the entire Permian; however, the origin of widespread chert formation is debated. We report new geochemical data from deep-marine siliceous rocks of the upper Permian Da-long Formation, Lower Yangtze region, southeastern China. Their geochemical results show that these thin-bedded siliceous rocks have a clear biologic origin, with rare to no evidence of hydrothermal influence. The values of Al/(Al + Fe + Mn) and Eu/Eu* are 0.60–0.84 (mean = 0.72) and 0.45–1.08 (mean = 0.77), respectively, and Mn/Ti ratios are relatively low (mean = 0.72). The correlations of La_N/ CeN, La_N/ Yb_N, and Fe₂O₃/ TiO₂ with Al₂O₃/(Al₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃), along with the Ce anomaly, indicate that the Da-long siliceous rocks were deposited at a transitional zone between a continental margin and the open ocean; i.e., relatively close to terrestrial sediment input and far from hydrothermal activity. The accumulation of chert is related to its unique paleogeographic location in an equatorial setting with many submarine paleo-highlands. Intense upwelling and frequent local volcanism are the main factors that promoted the development of siliceous rocks in the studied area. Ocean acidification triggered by large-scale volcanism (Large Igneous Province) during the late Permian led to extensive silica precipitation and preservation.     

脂肪醇醚硫酸酯钠盐/α-烯烃磺酸钠二元阴离子液体餐洗剂的配方改进及性能评价

本文以脂肪醇醚硫酸酯钠盐(SLES)和α-烯烃磺酸钠(AOS)两种阴离子表面活性剂所组成的二元餐洗剂配方为基础,通过引入两性离子[椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱(CAB)]、非离子表面活性剂[椰油二乙醇酰胺(DEA)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(C_(12)–C_(15)–7EO,C_(10)–7EO和 C_9–C_(11)–7EO)、月桂基氧化胺(AO))对其进行配方改进。对比研究了6个餐洗剂配方(SLES/AOS、SLES/AOS/CAB/AO、SLES/AOS/DEA/AO,SLES/AOS/C_(12)-C_(15)-7EO/AO,SLES/AOS/C_(10)7EO/AO 和SLES/AOS/C_9–C_(11)–7EO/AO)的表面张力、临界胶束浓度(CMC)、清洗能力、发泡性、生物降解性和刺激性,以及温度的影响(17.0,23.0和42.0℃)。结果发现:相对于起始的二元配方,各种非离子表面活性剂的引入可以降低cmc和表面张力,提高餐洗剂配方的清洗能力和发泡性能,而对生物降解性和刺激性影响较小;相对于其他配方,配方6(SLES/AOS/C_9–C_(11)–7EO/AO)展现了最小的cmc和表面张力值,以及最佳的清洗效果;无论低温清洗(17℃)还是正常清洗(42℃),阴离子-非离子表面活性剂的餐洗剂配方(SLES/AOS/ethoxylated alcohols/AO)均具有明显的协同效应,展现出更好的应用性能。     

轮胎形态变化的仿真技术

轮胎形态变化仿真技术可以在汽车开发的早期阶段向汽车制造商提供装配不同轮胎和轮辋型号的预测数据。这项仿真技术具有进一步应用的潜在价值。在汽车早期设计阶段,需要考虑的有关轮胎的重要问题包括:应该选择哪种规格的轮胎和轮辋,设定最佳的轮胎充气内压,如何才能通过对轮胎的改进获得接近轮胎实测值的重要性能指标,这些数据与汽车的相关性有多大?轮胎模型软件CD Tire/3D是可以在第一个实体样品出现之前用来预测轮胎性能的新软件,可以解决上述问题。     

空间的力量 新奥胡斯大学医院

正新奥胡斯大学医院是丹麦第一个超大型的医院案例,也是一个具有"康复医疗"概念的、超现代的国际先锋作品。医院的建筑设计通过系统运用"信息和循证"的工作方法,践行了"康复建筑"的综合理念。其"信息和循证"的方法是利用对现存建筑的研究和评估,以提供最有效的信息来创建最佳的康复建筑。从单人病房的设计、日光和光线的利用,以及景观和花园空间的设计,旨在尽量满足病人的需求,提升     

泥炭泥浆在治疗中的放射性

正为确定泥炭泥浆中天然和人工同位素的含量,并估算标准泥炭泥浆处理过程中患者皮肤吸收的辐射剂量,分析了从波兰8个矿泉采集的37个样本,用γ能谱法测量同位素浓度活性。标准泥炭泥浆浴治疗中的皮肤剂量约为300 nSv,泥炭泥浆这种治疗的有效剂量被认为是22 nSv。治疗过程中     

Neutronic study on the effect of first wall material thickness on tritium production and material damage in a fusion reactor

In this study, the effects of changing first wall materials and their thicknesses on a reactor were investigated to determine the displacement per atom（DPA） and gas production（helium and hydrogen） in the first wall, as well as the tritium breeding ratio（TBR） in the coolant and tritium breeding zones. Therefore, the modeling of the magnetic fusion reactor was determined based on the blanket parameters of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor（ITER）. Stainless steel（SS 316 LNIG）, Oxi...     

3D printed millireactors for process intensification

The scope of the present research aims at demonstrating the 3D printing use in the manufacturing of microchannels for chemical process applications. A comparison among digital model processing applications for 3D print(slicers) and a print layer thickness analysis were performed. The 3D print fidelity was verified in several devices, including the microchannels' printing with and without micromixer zones. In order to highlight the 3D print potential in Chemical Engineering, the biodiesel synthesis was also carried out in a millireactor manufactured by 3D printing. The millireactor operated under laminar flow regime with a total flow rate of 75.25 ml ? min~(-1)(increment of about 130 times over traditional microdevices used for biodiesel production).The printed millireactor provided a maximum yield of Ethyl Esters of 73.51% at 40 °C, ethanol:oil molar ratio of7 and catalyst concentration of 1.25 wt% and residence time about 10 s. As a result of flow rate increment attained in the millireactor, the number of required units for scaling-up the chemical processes is reduced. Using the approach described in the present research, anyone could produce their own millireactor for chemical process in a simple way with the aid of a 3D printer.