兄弟 你不是一个人在战斗——《成吉思汗》战争网游评测手记

记得第一次听到黄健翔激情的自述：不是一个人在战斗,就牢牢地把这句话记在脑中了,尤其今年玩到了麒麟游戏的《成吉思汗》后,我更加清晰地明白了这句话的含义,战斗不是一个人的事情,你也确实不是一个人在战斗。     

Immunoglobulin 1 (IgG1) Fc-glycosylation profiling of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies from human serum

In several autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), autoantibodies are thought to be the driving force of pathogenicity. Glycosylation of the Fc-part of human Igs is known to modulate biological activity. Hitherto, glycosylation of human IgG-Fc has been analyzed predominantly at the level of total serum IgG, revealing reduced galactosylation in RA. Given the pathogenic relevance of autoantibodies in RA, we wished, in the present study, to address the question whether distinct Fc-glycosylation features are observable at the level of antigen-specific IgG subpopulations. For this purpose, we have developed a method for the microscale purification and Fc-glycosylation analysis of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA). ACPA represent a group of autoantibodies that occur with unique specificity in RA patients. Their presence is associated with increased inflammatory disease activity and rapid joint destruction. Results indicate that ACPA of the IgG1 subclass vary considerably from total serum IgG1 with respect to Fc-galactosylation, with galactosylation being higher on ACPA than on serum IgG1 for some patients, while other patients show higher galactosylation on serum IgG1 than on ACPA. Using this method, studies can be performed on the biological and clinical relevance of ACPA glycosylation within RA patient cohorts.     

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Exact spread function for a pulsed collimated beam in a medium with small-angle scattering

A solution has been obtained for the spatial and temporal distribution function for a pulsed fully collimated beam propagating through a homogeneous medium with Gaussian small-angle scattering. The solution was obtained first by separation of the general problem into two plane problems, which results in a partial differential equation in three variables. A Fourier transform on two projected variables (one angular and one spatial) and a Laplace transform on the projected temporal variable yielded a set of nonlinear differential equations, which were solved. A recursion relation for the moments of the distribution function was also obtained, and the software MATHEMATICA was used to evaluate these moments to high orders. The contractions on certain variables are also presented; they correspond to the solutions of less-general problems contained in the main problem. A change in the definition of the time-delay produces a remarkable change in the structure of the equations. These solutions should be quite useful for lidar studies in atmospheric and oceanic optics, x-ray and radio-wave scattering in the atmosphere and interstellar medium, and in medical physics.     

Mode-hop suppression of Littrow grating-tuned lasers: erratum

A recent paper [Appl. Opt. 32, 269-274 (1993)) contained an analysis of the conditions required to suppress mode hops when one is tuning a Littrow grating-loaded laser cavity. Although the model was correct, an algebraic mistake led to a wrong conclusion. The corrected results are given and tend to recommend a previously investigated configuration.     

Developed profile of holographically exposed photoresist gratings

A simulation of the profile of holographically recorded structures in photoresists is performed. In addition to its simplicity this simulation can be used to take into account the effects that arise from exposure, photosensitization, development, and resolution of positive photoresists. We analyzed the effects of isotropy of wet development, nonlinearity of the photoresist response curve, background light, and standing waves produced by reflection at the film-substrate interface by using this simulation, and the results agree with the experimentally recorded profiles.     

All-optical implementation of a self-organizing map: Learning and taxonomy capability assessment

We present some experimental results obtained with an all-optical implementation of a self-organizing map. The system is based on two ferroelectric liquid-crystal, bistable optically addressed spatial light modulators (BOASLM's) used as parallel read/write optical memories and as thresholding devices. Modifications made to adapt the basic algorithm to the BOASLM's are studied in computer simulations that predict training-class loss due to the simplified decision stage as the principal drawback. Experimental results show good system behavior in recognition mode, demonstrating generalization properties and confirming the choice of a BOASLM memory. All-optical learning is shown in simple cases, and the elementary BOASLM decision function is confirmed as the major limiting factor. The ultimate possible system performance is discussed, and ways of overcoming present limits are suggested.     

Multilayer array illuminators with binary phase plates at fractional Talbot distances

We describe a Talbot array illuminator made of cascaded binary phase plates located at fractional Talbot distances. We compare the performance of such an illuminator with a conventional single-layer Talbot array illuminator in terms of compression ratio and technical feasibility.