方波信号发生器及场效应管驱动器

本文介绍方波信号发生器及场效应管驱动器的原理与设计。实验证明,设计的方波信号发生器与场效应管驱动器工作稳定可靠,所研制的方波交流高频弧焊电源已成功地对薄钢板进行了焊接。     

脉冲电流对Sn—Pb合金凝固组织的影响

研究了脉电流流对Ｓｎ－１０％Ｐｂ合金凝固组织的实验，实验表明，粗大的富Ｓｎ树枝状初晶细化成近球状结构，提出了一个脉冲电流对凝固组织影响的唯象机制，用经典的均匀形核理论和电动力学理论导出了脉冲压力与脉冲电流之间和成核率与脉冲压力之间的关系，脉冲电流产生的大小不同的脉冲压力对晶核的形成和长大产生不同程度的影响是导致不同观测结果的基本原因。     

浅议健康水的应急供水功能在规划设计中的体现

文章通过具体工作实践,阐述了健康水的应急供水功能在规划设计阶段需考虑的一些问题,提出了有益的思考与建议。     

延安“13·7”暴雨洪水分析与水文预警思考

<正>1概况延安,中国革命的圣地,黄土高原上的一个山地城市,总面积3.67万km2,下辖13个区县,人口210多万人。区内地势西北高,东南低,北部以黄土梁峁、沟壑为主,占总面积的72%,南部以黄土塬沟壑为主,占总面积的19%,平均海拔1200m左右。属大陆性季风气候,多年平均降水量486.6mm。境内较大河流有延河、北洛河、清涧河、云岩河、仕望     

谁是最可爱的人

高稳生:用生命为渭河“筑堤” ◎崔晓怡 郭军 时间被定格在2013年12月9日凌晨4时20分. 这是高稳生离我们而去的日子.噩耗传来,没有人相信这是真的.一个技术精湛的教授级高级工程师,一个不知困倦的工作狂,一个乐观开朗的大好人,怎么被确诊为肝癌晚期!他才50岁啊! 在同事看来,高稳生的音容笑貌还宛在眼前——他不是在堆满资料的办公室,就是在回填土方的施工现场,或忙碌在青松伫立的渭河大堤……但是,这些地方都不再会有他了,他已经走了,永远离开了大家.大家都说:“高工太疲劳了,太累了.”     

一种宽量程气压传感器的接口电路设计与测试标定

高空探测气压传感器,其特点是测量量程宽,满足常压到极低压(10 hPa)测量,因此,专用型压阻式气压传感器输出信号检测与数模转换接口电路的设计,是推广高空探测气压传感器应用的关键技术之一,具有十分重要的现实意义和广阔的使用前景。本文针对宽量程检测特点设计了压阻式气压传感器专用接口电路,解决了传感器微小电阻变化量的检测问题,并对传感器性能进行测试分析与标定,可实现传感器全量程误差不超过2.6 hPa,并实现数字化输出,完成传感器接口电路设计。     

Biofilm development during the start-up of a sulfate-reducing down-flow fluidized bed reactor at different COD/SO4(2-) ratios and HRT

In sulfate-reducing reactors, it has been reported that the sulfate removal efficiency increases when the COD/SO4(2-) ratio is increased. The start-up of a down-flow fluidized bed reactor constitutes an important step to establish a microbial community in the biofilm able to survive under the operational bioreactor conditions in order to achieve effective removal of both sulfate and organic matter. In this work the influence of COD/SO4(2-) ratio and HRT in the development of a biofilm during reactor start-up (35 days) was studied. The reactor was inoculated with 1.6 g VSS/L of granular sludge, ground low density polyethylene was used as support material; the feed consisted of mineral medium at pH 5.5 containing 1 g COD/L (acetate:lactate, 70:30) and sodium sulfate. Four experiments were conducted at HRT of 1 or 2 days and COD/SO4(2-) ratio of 0.67 or 2.5. The results obtained indicated that a COD/SO4(2-) ratio of 2.5 and HRT 2 days allowed high sulfate and COD removal (66.1 and 69.8%, respectively), whereas maximum amount of attached biomass (1.9 g SVI/L support) and highest sulfate reducing biofilm activity (10.1 g COD-H2S/g VSS-d) was achieved at HRT of 1 day and at COD/sulfate ratios of 0.67 and 2.5, respectively, which suggests that suspended biomass also played a key role in the performance of the reactors.     

Treatment of wastewater from a school in a decentralized filtration system by percolation over organic packing media

Based on results obtained in the laboratory a WWTP composed of a septic tank and an aerated percolating filter packed with organic media was built for a school. The system can treat 18 m3 d(-1) and was operated with a hydraulic loading rate of 0.078 (m3 m(-2) d(-1). For 360 days different operational conditions including start-up; stabilization; operation with aeration and non aeration; effect of rainy season, breaks from activities due to holidays and restart; were monitored and described in the article. Once stabilized, the system was able to remove, without the need for mechanical aeration, 97% of BOD5, 71% of COD, 93% of TKN, 11% of PO(4-)-P, 95% of TSS, 96% of VSS, in addition to having a removal efficiency of 4 log units of Faecal Coliforms (FC) and 100% helminthes eggs (HE). With this quality, the treated wastewater can be chlorinated and reused to irrigate green areas and/or in toilets. Although sanitary wastewater has a high concentration of Total-N (250 mg L(-1)) and a C/N ratio of less than 1, the system removed 65% of Total-N. Finally it was observed that after non activity periods, there was neither system failure nor the need to re-stabilize the system.     

Screening of organic contaminants in urban snow

Snowmelt is known to cause peak concentrations of pollutants, which may adversely affect receiving water quality. High concentrations of metals and suspended solids in snow have been reported, whereas studies on organic pollutants are rare. This study aims at investigating the occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds in urban snow in Gothenburg (Sweden). The most frequently detected organic pollutants in the collected snow samples were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), high molecular-weight phthalates, 4-nonylphenol and 4-t-octylphenol. Brominated flame retardants and chlorinated paraffins were only sporadically detected. In several snow samples, the concentrations of specific PAHs, alkylphenols and phthalates were higher than reported stormwater concentrations and European water quality standards. Pollutant source identification and sustainable management of snow are important instruments for the mitigation of organic contaminants in the urban environment.     

缺水地区农业种植结构调整和经济灌溉定额研究

从调整农业种植结构和制定经济灌溉定额两个方面出发,探索提高农业灌溉水量的利用效率和效益的问题.根据唐山现状建立了兼顾社会、生态综合效益,以区域经济效益最大为目标,以农业灌溉供水量,播种面积,市场需求为约束条件的农业产业结构调整模型,并采用非线性规划方法求解.主要结果如下:(1)结构调整向着单方水经济效益高的作物倾斜.(2)调整后农业灌溉水量为原来的64%.(3)调整后有效降雨利用量占作物总用水量的比例明显增加.(4)全市综合灌溉定额调整前为285.7 mm,调整后为195.6 mm.