Physical and thermal strain of firefighters according to the firefighting tactics used to suppress wildfires

The aim of this study was to analyse the physiological strain of firefighters, using heart rate (HR) and core temperature, during real wildfire suppression according to the type of attack performed (direct, indirect or mixed). Three intensity zones were established according to the HR corresponding to the ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation threshold (RCT): zone 1, RCT. The exercise workload (training impulse (TRIMP)), the physiological strain index (PSI) and the cumulative heat strain index(CHSI) were calculated using the time spent in each zone, and the HR and core temperature, respectively. Significantly higher mean HR, time spent in Z2 and Z3 and TRIMP h(-1) were found in direct and mixed versus indirect attacks. The highest PSI and CHSI were observed in the direct attack. In conclusion, exercise strain and combined thermal strain, but not core temperature during wildfire suppression, are related to the type of attack performed. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Our findings demonstrated that wildfire firefighting is associated with high physiological demands, which vary significantly depending on the tactics chosen for performing the task. These results should be kept in mind when planning programmes to improve wildland firefighters' physical fitness, which will allow improvement in their performance.     

基于免疫网络的异态电磁信号监测模型

针对人工免疫系统运用于信号密度适中的日常异态信号监测时,系统对检测器数量要求过高的问题,本文对现有的模型进行了改进,提出了基于免疫网络的异态电磁信号监测模型。模型引入数据正向压缩和检测器相互抑制的机制,使得系统对检测器数量的要求明显降低。本文采用实际无线电监测数据对模型进行了检验,并与基于阴性选择的模型进行对比,验证了该模型在信号密度适中的日常监测中可大幅减少对检测器数量的要求,提高了监测效率。     

一种改进的最近邻聚类学习算法

提出了一种自适应模糊逻辑系统（ＡＦＬＳ）的改进自适应学习算法,该算法将无导师学习算法与基于梯度信息的寻优学习算法相结和,并且在确定聚类过程中同时考虑样本输入与输出对聚类的影响。     

异步电动机定、转子电阻参数在线实时估计方法

给出了一种异步电动机定、转子电阻参数在线实时估计方法,并将其应用于电压控制型转差频率矢量控制系统,计算机仿真结果表明该方法具有较好的参数估计效果。     

最优加权组合模型在边坡变形预测中的应用

利用某岩质边坡2002年-2011年的变形监测资料,结合区域地质与气象背景,运用莱茵达准则选定有效的监测数据,分别建立了GM(1,1)模型和趋势曲线预测模型;最后,基于最优加权组合原理,建立了边坡变形的最优加权组合模型。运用组合模型对该岩质边坡的变形进行了拟合和变形预测,模拟变形趋势与实际变形趋势对比结果表明,组合模型的预测精度高于任何单一模型的拟合精度,证明该组合模型合理、可靠。     

Influence of photoperiod on carbon dioxide and methane emissions from two pilot-scale stabilization ponds

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO(2), CH(4)) from pilot-scale algal and duckweed-based ponds (ABP and DBP) were measured using the static chamber methodology. Daylight and nocturnal variations of GHG and wastewater characteristics (e.g. chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH) were determined via sampling campaigns during midday (12:30-15:30) and midnight (00:30-03:30) periods. The results showed that under daylight conditions in ABP median emissions were -232 mg CO(2) m(-2) d(-1) and 9.9 mg CH(4) m(-2) d(-1), and in DBP median emissions were -1,654.5 mg CO(2) m(-2) d(-1) and 71.4 mg CH(4) m(-2) d(-1), respectively. During nocturnal conditions ABP median emissions were 3,949.9 mg CO(2) m(-2) d(-1), 12.7 mg CH(4) m(-2) d(-1), and DBP median emissions were 5,116 mg CO(2) m(-2) d(-1), 195.2 mg CH(4) m(-2) d(-1), respectively. Once data measured during daylight were averaged together with nocturnal data the median emissions for ABP were 1,566.8 mg CO(2) m(-2) d(-1) and 72.1 mg CH(4) m(-2) d(-1), whilst for DBP they were 3,016.9 mg CO(2) m(-2) d(-) and 178.9 mg CH(4) m(-2) d(-1), respectively. These figures suggest that there were significant differences between CO(2) emissions measured during daylight and nocturnal periods (p < 0.05). This shows a sink-like behaviour for both ABP and DBP in the presence of solar light, which indicates the influence of photosynthesis in CO(2) emissions. On the other hand, the fluxes of CH(4) indicated that DBP and ABP behave as net sources of CH(4) during day and night, although higher emissions were observed from DBP. Overall, according to the compound average (daylight and nocturnal emissions) both ABP and DBP systems might be considered as net sources of GHG.     

Segmentation of cervical cell nuclei in high-resolution microscopic images: A new algorithm and a web-based software framework

In order to automate cervical cancer screening tests, one of the most important and longstanding challenges is the segmentation of cell nuclei in the stained specimens. Though nuclei of isolated cells in high-quality acquisitions often are easy to segment, the problem lies in the segmentation of large numbers of nuclei with various characteristics under differing acquisition conditions in high-resolution scans of the complete microscope slides. We implemented a system that enables processing of full resolution images, and proposes a new algorithm for segmenting the nuclei under adequate control of the expert user. The system can work automatically or interactively guided, to allow for segmentation within the whole range of slide and image characteristics. It facilitates data storage and interaction of technical and medical experts, especially with its web-based architecture. The proposed algorithm localizes cell nuclei using a voting scheme and prior knowledge, before it determines the exact shape of the nuclei by means of an elastic segmentation algorithm. After noise removal with a mean-shift and a median filtering takes place, edges are extracted with a Canny edge detection algorithm. Motivated by the observation that cell nuclei are surrounded by cytoplasm and their shape is roughly elliptical, edges adjacent to the background are removed. A randomized Hough transform for ellipses finds candidate nuclei, which are then processed by a level set algorithm. The algorithm is tested and compared to other algorithms on a database containing 207 images acquired from two different microscope slides, with promising results.     

非线性时变时滞FAST TCP系统低保守全局稳定性

研究了非线性、时变时滞的快速传输控制协议(FAST TCP)系统的全局稳定性. 首先, 利用其时滞变化与源端发送窗口变化成比例关系和其非线性函数是严格单调递减函数这两个特性, 计算每个振荡周期的解轨迹界, 建立计算轨迹界的改进型迭代公式, 得到了比已有结论更低保守的全局稳定性条件. 最后, 通过网络模拟器2(NS-2)仿真实例验证了改进的全局稳定性条件的有效性.     

一种高效的无证书多重签名方案*

为了满足多个人对同一份文件签名的高效性,将无证书密码体制与多重签名方案相结合,提出一种高效的无证书多重签名方案。该方案有效地削弱了可信第三方的权力,并且被证明了在适应性选择消息攻击下是存在性不可伪造的,其安全性基于CDH问题的困难假设。与现有方案相比,该方案需要计算的双线性对计算次数少,降低了系统开销。     

一种针对C程序缓冲区溢出的检测方法*

为了增强对程序缓冲区溢出漏洞的检测,提出一种利用CCured和BLAST对C程序进行分析的检测方法。首先利用CCured对C语言源程序进行运行时检测的代码插桩;然后用BLAST提供的自定义安全属性语言对这些插桩代码进行相关约束描述;最后让BLAST根据约束描述文件对代码插桩后的程序进行模型检测,就可以尽可能地找出C语言程序中潜在的缓冲区溢出漏洞。