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81.
Abdüsselam Altunkaynak 《Advances in Engineering Software》2009,40(9):928-934
Accurate sediment load prediction is very important in planning, designing, operating and maintenance of water resources structures. Various models have been developed so far to identify the relation between discharge and sediment load. Most of the models based on regression method (RM) have some restrictive assumptions. This method is able to provide only one solution point for estimation of sediment amount. On the other hand, genetic algorithms (GAs) can produce more than one solution points providing optimal relation between discharge and sediment loads. Sediment load can be successfully predicted from discharge measurements by using GAs. Graphical and numerical data are presented to compare GAs with RM. GA methodology is applied to discharge and sediment load data obtained from Mississippi river at Missouri, St. Louis. It is found that GAs outperform RM in terms of mean relative error (MRE). 相似文献
82.
A contour diagram approach is presented for the identification of surface ozone concentration feature based on a set of rules by considering the meteorological variables such as the solar radiation, wind speed, temperature, humidity and rainfall. A fuzzy rule system approach is used because of the imprecise, insufficient, ambiguous and uncertain data available. The contour diagrams help to identify qualitative ozone concentration variability rules which are more general than conventional statistical or time series analysis. In the methodology, ozone concentration contours are based on a fixed variable as ozone precursor, namely, NOx and as the third variable one of the meteorological factors. Such contour diagrams for ozone concentration variation are prepared for six months. It is possible to identify the maximum ozone concentration episodes from these diagrams and then to set up the valid rules in the form of IF-THEN logical statements. These rules are obtained from available daily ozone, NOx and meteorological data as a first approximate reasoning step. In this manner, without mathematical formulations, expert maximum ozone concentration systems are identified. The application of the contour diagram approach is performed for daily ozone concentration measurements on European side of Istanbul city. It is concluded that through approximate reasoning with fuzzy rules, the maximum ozone concentration episodes can be identified and predicted without any mathematical expression. 相似文献
83.
H.A. Abd El‐Rahman S.A. Salih A. M. Abd El‐Wahab 《Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik》2011,42(9):784-791
Effect of phosphoric acid on the performance of Pb‐1.7%Sb grid of lead‐acid cell is studied in 5 M H2SO4 by cyclic galvanostatic polarization and impedance spectroscopy. An increase in capacitance to a maximum is recorded during the initial stages of the electro‐reduction of PbO2 into Pb(II) compounds and attributed to concurrent compositional and dimensional changes. These changes include removal of O2 bubbles, insertion of large amounts of H2SO4 and H2O. Efficiency of PbO2 formation decreases, while its rate of self‐discharge increases with increasing the charging current and in the presence of H3PO4. The charge capacity increases with increasing the discharging current due to the decrease in the self‐discharge. The charge capacity is lower in the presence of H3PO4. On increasing the cycle number, the corrodibility of the grid increases, because more layers of the surface Pb are involved in the self‐discharge. H3PO4 significantly retards the effect of cycle number. 相似文献
84.
Mohamed H. Abd El‐Salam Arnold R. Hippen Kawther El‐Shafie Faiza M. Assem Hyam Abbas Mahmoud Abd El‐Aziz Osama Sharaf Mostafa El‐Aassar 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2011,46(10):2103-2110
Milk of high conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) level (1.25 g per 100 g milk fat) was produced by inclusion of fish oil and rousted soy bean in the ration of Holstein cows as compared to 0.55 g per 100 g milk fat in the milk of animals receiving control diet. Milk of normal (control) and high CLA content (treatment) was spray‐dried. Labneh was made from 20 g L?1 reconstituted milk using 3 mL per 100 mL yoghurt starter and 2 mL per 100 mL of probiotic cultures of Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus acidophilus. The control (C) and high CLA (T) labneh were analysed chemically and microbiologically, and their viscosities were determined during cold storage for 15 days. The fat content of labneh of high CLA was less than that of the control, but the total solids (TS) were unaffected by the CLA level. Labneh made with Lb. acidophilus had lower TS and higher acidity, exopolysaccharides and acetaldehyde contents and viscosity than that made with the use of Lb. casei. Labneh from the different treatments retained high counts of the added probiotic (>108 cfu g?1) throughout the storage period. The storage period had significant effects on all parameters determined. 相似文献
85.
Polychromatic decorations of ancient Egyptians tombs and temples have a long tradition over three millennia but are hard to identify because many pigments have been subjected to severe chemical reactions, which have entirely changed their original colours. Optical microscopy, PIXE and microbeam-PIXE have been used for determination of the nature of pigments, their chronology, and identification of domestic and imported materials. Paint flakes from various archeological sites in Egypt were analyzed: we report the results of the analysis of samples which were collected at the Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III (Habu Town), and the tombs of Tuthmosis III (Valley of the Kings) and Sennefer (Valley of the Noblemen). The paint is composed of grains of sizes typically ranging from 50 μm to 300 μm embedded in binding material and has great non-uniformity of pigment depth and lateral distributions and discontinuity of the paint layers. Qualitative analysis using broad beam PIXE has been performed to allow determination of the average composition of both support and pigments. Microbeam-PIXE has been used for mapping of selected grains. Goethite FeO(OH) (yellow), orpiment As2S3 (green), and the two blues: Egyptian Blue CaCuSi4O10 and Green Frit CaCuSiO3 (mixed with the red haematite Fe2O3) were identified, and interesting details of the painting technique of ancient masters, like blending of pigments and the use of multilayer structures, were revealed. 相似文献
86.
M. R. Ismail Ali A. M. Yassene Hassan M. H. Abd El Bary 《Applied Composite Materials》2012,19(3-4):409-425
The effect of coupling agents and electron beam (EB) irradiation dose on the mechanical properties of composites made from rice straw fibers and polymers have been studied. Samples were made by hot pressing of mix composition at 130°C. The pressed samples were subjected to electron beam irradiation dose ranged from 10 to 50?kGy. Increasing the electron beam irradiation dose increased the value of flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and impact strength. It was also observed that, the properties of composites containing γ-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (A-1100) are lower than those of composites containing N-(2aminoethyl)-3-amino propyltrimethoxy silane (A-700) coupling agents. These are attributed to a hydrogen bonding formation between the amine or protonated amine and the hydroxyl groups of rice straw fibers. The presence of coupling agents in the composites during the EB irradiation process produce a more free radicals which are enough to form a chemical bonding between the rice straw fiber and polymer. The thickness swelling and water absorption values decrease with increasing the EB irradiation dose with presence of coupling agents in the composite. 相似文献
87.
Haider J. Abd N. Md Din F. Abdullah H.A. Fadhil 《International Journal of Electronics》2013,100(6):1056-1070
This paper proposed a new technique to suppress the four-wave mixing (FWM) effect by using a smart filter technique. The behaviour of FWM and the performance of wavelength division multiplexing systems with 4 and 16 channels were simulated in the presence of the proposed technique. The simulation was also performed under different parameters such as input power, number of channels and channel spacing. The FWM power drastically decreases by 12 and 19 dB for the 4 and 16 channels, respectively, when the smart filter is used as compared with the conventional system. In terms of system performance, the suggested approach for 4 and 16 channels at the first channel offers low bit error rate (BER) values of 3.23 × 10?23 and 1.7 × 10?21, respectively. The smart filter with the channel spacing variation for the 4-channel system subsequently improved the BER value at the fourth channel. Results confirm that the smart filter approach is an active solution that can suppress the FWM effect in optical transmission systems. 相似文献
88.
Emad Mosa Nagy W. Messiha Osama Zahran Fathi E. Abd El-Samie 《International Journal of Speech Technology》2011,14(4):285-296
This paper introduces a speech encryption approach, which is based on permutation of speech segments using chaotic Baker map
and substitution using masks in both time and transform domains. Two parameters are extracted from the main key used in the
generation of mask. Either the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) or the Discrete Sine Transform (DST) can be used in the proposed
cryptosystem to remove the residual intelligibility resulting from permutation and masking in time domain. Substitution with
Masks is used in this cryptosystem to fill the silent periods within speech conversation and destroy format and pitch information.
Permutation with chaotic Baker map is used in to maximize the benefits of the permutation process in encryption by using large-size
blocks to allow more audio segments to be permutated. The proposed cryptosystem has a low complexity, small delay, and high
degree of security. Simulation results prove that the proposed cryptosystem is robust to the presence of noise. 相似文献
89.
Shaharuddin Salleh Stephan Olariu Bahrom Sanugi Mohd Ismail Abd Aziz 《The Journal of supercomputing》2005,31(3):265-279
A complete graph is a fully-connected graph where every node is adjacent to all other nodes in the graph. Very often, many applications in science and engineering are reducible to this type of graph. Hence, a simplified form of a complete graph contributes in providing the solutions to these problems. In this paper, we present a technique for transforming a complete graph into a single-row routing problem. Single-row routing is a classical technique in the VLSI design that is known to be NP-complete. We solved this problem earlier using a method called ESSR, and, the same technique is applied to the present work to transform a complete graph into its single-row routing representation. A parallel computing model is proposed which contributes in making the problem modular and scalable. We also discuss the application of this work on the channel assignment problem in the wireless cellular telephone networks. 相似文献
90.
B. A. El-Sayed M. A. El-Nawawy E. M. Abd Ellah R. S. Farag 《Journal of Materials Science》1999,34(11):2715-2718
Correlation of the molecular structure and utilizing measurements of the electrical conductivity, activation energy of conduction of 4,4 bis(2-thenylideneamino)biphenyl (SB) and 4,4 bis(thenyl-diphenylphosphinylmethyleneamino)biphenyl (OPSB) compounds have been carried out. The results of the activation energies, obtained from the electrical conductivity measurements, as well as the energy gaps calculated from ultraviolet (u.v.) and visible spectra in the solid state indicate that the investigated compounds behave like semiconducting materials. The delocalized -electrons in addition to the lone pairs of electrons on the nitrogen atoms of the two compounds as well as the donor effect of diphenylphosphinyl groups of OPSB compound were considered as the main sources participating in the conduction processes. 相似文献