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121.
    
Objective: To evaluate the effect of cavity disinfectants on the immediate microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to water- and ethanol-saturated sound and caries-affected dentin (CAD). Material and Methods: Thirty-six human molars were sectioned to expose 1/3 of the mid-coronal dentin surface. Sound (n = 18) and CAD (n = 18) specimens were divided into six groups each (n = 3): one positive control (sound), one negative control (CAD), and five experimental groups each. In the control group, dentin surfaces were bonded using an etch-and-rinse adhesive with a traditional water-wet bonding technique. In the experimental groups, ozone was applied before etching and chlorhexidine after etching. In the ethanol-wet bonding groups, acid-etched dentin surfaces were treated with ethanol. Following adhesive application and composite buildups, bonded specimens were sectioned to form sticks. Failure modes were analyzed using a stereomicroscope. Results: The water-wet bonded sound control group yielded the highest μTBS among all groups (p < 0.001). The lowest μTBS values were observed in the ozone groups (p < 0.05). The ethanol-wet bonded CAD group exhibited a higher μTBS than the water-wet bonded negative controls. Although compared to the positive control, chlorhexidine decreased the μTBS (p < 0.05), an increase with no significant difference was observed in the negative control (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The μTBS values of CAD were lower than those of sound dentin. Ethanol-wet bonding improved the μTBS of CAD. Ozone application reduced the μTBS in both sound and CAD; chlorhexidine improved the immediate μTBS after etching in CAD.  相似文献   
122.
    
The primary purpose of the study is to investigate the anisotropic behavior of different noncrimp stitched fabric (NCF) reinforced polyester composites. Carbon fiber composite laminates were manufactured by vacuum infusion of polyester resin into two commonly used advanced noncrimp stitched carbon fabric types, unidirectional and biaxial carbon fabric. The effects of geometric variables on composite structural integrity and strength were illustrated. Hence, tensile and three‐point bending flexural tests were conducted up to failure on specimens strengthened with different layouts of fibrous plies in NCF. In this article an important practical problem in fibrous composites, interlaminar shear strength as measured in short beam shear tests, is discussed. The fabric composites were tested in three directions: at 0°, 45°, and 90°. Extensive photomicrographs of multilayered composites resulting from a variety of uniaxial loading conditions were presented. It was observed that broken fibers recede within the matrix in composites with weak interfacial bond. Another aim of the present work was to investigate the interaction between carbon fiber and polyester matrix. The experiments, in conjunction with scanning electron photomicrographs of fractured surfaces of composites, were interpreted in an attempt to explain the instability of polyester‐resin–carbon‐fiber interfaces. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4554–4564, 2006  相似文献   
123.
  总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
Use of near-infrared (NIR) transmittance spectroscopy for rapid determination of the oxidation level in soybean oils (SBO) was investigated, and calibrations were developed for quantitative determination of peroxide value (PV), conjugated diene value (CD), and anisidine value (AV) of SBO. Partial least squares (PLS) regression and forward stepwise multiple linear regression were used to develop calibration models from spectral data in log 1/T, first derivative and second derivative of log 1/T formats for both 1- and 2-mm path lengths. The models were validated by comparing NIR results from independent sample sets to the values obtained by official methods. The spectral region from 1100 to 2200 nm was best for measuring oxidation when using a 2-mm path length. PLS regression using first-derivative spectra gave the best results for PV. For the validation sets, linear relationships were obtained for PV (r=0.99), and CD (r=0.95), compared with accepted reference procedures. However, measurement of AV by NIR was less successful than measurement of the other two indices of oxidation, especially for an external validation sample set. Results obtained in this study indicate that NIR spectroscopy is a useful technique for measuring oxidation in soybean oil.  相似文献   
124.
(Yb2O3)x(Dy2O3)y(Bi2O3)1?x?y (0.04≤x+y≤0.20) powders (xYbyDSB) were synthesized by modified sol‐gel Pecchini method. The powders were characterized for structural, surface morphological, thermal, and electrical properties and power density measurements by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis/thermal gravimetry (DTA/TG), and impedance spectroscopy, respectively. Lattice parameters and crystalline size of δphase of Yb2O3‐ and Dy2O3‐doped Bi2O3 samples were calculated from the X‐ray diffraction data. Surface and grain properties of the related phases were determined by SEM analysis. In the investigated system, the maximum electrical conductivity was observed as σ=0.954 S cm?1 for 6% mol Yb2O3 and 6% mol Dy2O3 at 800°C among all δ‐YbDSB systems. Cathode supported electrochemical cell was fabricated and 6Yb6DSB was used as the electrolyte. Maximum power density of single cell with an active area of 1.5 cm2 is 72.50 mW/cm2 at 700°C.  相似文献   
125.
(ZrO2)1–x(Yb2O3)x binary systems were investigated in the doping range of 0.02 ≤  0.12. Ytterbium‐doped zirconia powders were synthesized using the Pechini method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements showed that fcc ZrO2 was stabilized for 8–12 mol% Yb‐doping rate. The produced Yb‐stabilized Zr (YbSZ) films were characterized; their thickness and homogeneity properties depended on the nature of the YbSZ slurry. All coating parameters were optimized and determined with precoating treatments. The samples were characterized by differential thermal analysis/thermal gravimetry (DTA/TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ac impedance measurements.  相似文献   
126.
Parameters which affect the electrosynthesis of 4,4-dinitroazobenzene from p-nitroaniline on platinum and PbO2 electrodes were investigated and optimum conditions were determined. Maximum conversion efficiency for electrosynthesis was 95% with a pure -PbO2 electrode. It was found that the electrocatalytic activity of a PbO2 electrode depends upon its / ratio and its degree of crystallinity. The effects of the added base and water on the conversion efficiency were also elucidated.  相似文献   
127.
Electrosynthesis of benzoquinone from phenol was investigated in acetonitrile-water mixtures on α-PbO2 and β-PbO2 electrodes. The influence of water concentration, electrolysis potential, initial phenol concentration and temperature on benzoquinone production was also studied. Different electrocatalytic activities of α and β structures of PbO2 were determined.  相似文献   
128.
    
Perovskite surface treatment with additives has been reported to improve charge extraction, stability, and/or surface passivation. In this study, treatment of a 3D perovskite ((FAPbI3)1−x(MAPbBr3)x) layer with a thienothiophene-based organic cation (TTMAI), synthesized in this work, is investigated. Detailed analyses reveal that a 2D (n = 1) or quasi-2D layer does not form on the PbI2-rich surface 3D perovskite. TTMAI-treated 3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated in this study show improved fill factors, providing an increase in their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) from 17% to over 20%. It is demonstrated that the enhancement is due to better hole extraction by drift-diffusion simulations. Furthermore, thanks to the hydrophobic nature of the TTMAI, PSC maintains 82% of its initial PCE under 15% humidity for over 380 h (the reference retains 38%). Additionally, semitransparent cells are demonstrated reaching 17.9% PCE with treated 3D perovskite, which is one of the highest reported efficiencies for double cationic 3D perovskites. Moreover, the semitransparent 3D PSC (TTMAI-treated) maintains 87% of its initial efficiency for six weeks (>1000 h) when kept in the dark at room temperature. These results clearly show that this study fills a critical void in perovskite research where highly efficient and stable semitransparent perovskite solar cells are scarce.  相似文献   
129.
    
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130.
    
The catalyst decomposition in homogeneously catalyzed reactions is a very important factor that has been studied for the oligomerization of n‐butenes in a system of two liquid phases. A highly active catalyst [NiCl2(PMe3)2] was investigated with an emphasis on the long‐term catalyst activity using N‐methylpyrrole as a buffer. The recycling experiments indicated that this catalyst is viable for five runs. Furthermore, introducing aluminum chloride or an ionic liquid in small concentrations led to increased stability, though fine adjustments were necessary to arrive at optimal results.  相似文献   
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