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61.
Shilpi Gupta Gaurav Rajauria Nissreen Abu‐Ghannam 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2010,45(3):482-489
Brown Irish edible seaweeds, Himanthalia elongata, Laminaria sachharina and Laminaria digitata, were evaluated for the microbiota in raw and heat processed form. Raw seaweeds showed complete absence of aerobic mesophiles, halophiles, yeasts and molds. However, heating at 85 °C for 15 min resulted in spore germination. Bacterial counts as high as 107 were observed for aerobic mesophiles and halophiles. Heating above 95 °C for 15 min resulted in complete inactivation of surface microflora. Bacteria belonging to Bacillaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Moraxellaceae and Enterobacteriaceae family were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. In vitro antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extracts of the seaweed on food pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria were also evaluated. The seaweeds in their raw state had almost 100% inhibition against Listeria monocytogenes; 98% and 93% inhibition was achieved against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by H. elongata and L. saccharina extracts, respectively. Heating the seaweeds resulted in the reduction of antimicrobial activity as compared to raw. The effect was more pronounced against Gram negative bacteria. 相似文献
62.
S.M. Solaiman Abu Noman M.A. Ali 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2014,13(4):656-668
The statutory laws concerning food safety, which allow the consumers affected by unsafe foods to claim compensation for their loss or damage in Bangladesh, are flawed in several respects. These flaws are argued to have harmful impacts on consumer protection. The ineffective legislation in the absence of application of the common law principles of negligence has left the consumers virtually helpless in securing remedies for their injuries. This article endeavors to critically examine the ambiguities and shortcomings in the Consumer Rights Protection Act 2009 (Bangladesh) looking through the prisms of the Australian Consumer Law 2010 and relevant case law from major common law jurisdictions. It discovers a number of weaknesses in the legislation of Bangladesh and provides specific suggestions for strengthening the civil liability provisions from the perspective of consumer protection by preventing their contraventions and providing adequate compensation. 相似文献
63.
Md Hossain Ali Ismail Abustan Md Ashiqur Rahman Abu Ahmed Mokammel Haque 《Water Resources Management》2012,26(3):623-641
Water is essential for economic, social, and environmental development. Global water resources are vulnerable due to increasing
demand related to population growth, pollution potential, and climate change. Competition for water between different sectors
is increasing. To meet the increasing demand, the use of groundwater is increasing worldwide. In this paper, the water-table
dynamics of the north-eastern region of Bangladesh were studied using the MEKESENS software. This study reveals that the depth
to water-table (WT) of almost all the wells is declining slowly. In many cases, the depth will approximately double by the
year 2040, and almost all will double by 2060, if the present trend continues. If the decline of the water-table is allowed
to continue in the long run, the result could be a serious threat to the ecology and to the sustainability of food production,
which is vital for the nation’s food security. Therefore, necessary measures should be taken to sustain water resources and
thereby agricultural production. Demand-side management of water and the development of alternative surface water sources
seem to be viable strategies for the area. These strategies could be employed to reduce pressure on groundwater and thus maintain
the sustainability of the resource. 相似文献
64.
Prefix delegation-based schemes have been proposed to solve the route optimization problem in NEtwork MObility where multiple IP-enabled hosts move together as a mobile network. Differences in the route optimization for hosts at the cost of increased signaling will result in performance difference of the schemes depending on parameters, such as speed of the mobile network, its distance from the home network (the network to which mobile network usually belongs), and the number of hosts in the mobile network. Although the effects of the first two parameters on the performance of the schemes have been studied, effects of increasing the number of hosts have not been studied. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate performance when the number of hosts is increased. We perform the evaluation through ns-2 simulation. Results show that the performance superiority achieved by the hosts?? route optimization is only affected by the distance significantly only when the number of hosts is small. The results will help to decide when to use the route optimization for hosts depending on the values of the parameters. 相似文献
65.
Elham Sobhanzadeh Nor Kartini Abu Bakar Mhd Radzi Bin Abas Keivan Nemati 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2011,113(7):862-869
This work reports a simple, rapid, and effective extraction method based on liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) followed by matrix solid‐phase dispersion‐sonication for detection, identification and quantification of multiclass pesticides in virgin olive oil using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‐QTOF‐MS). LLE to extract pesticide residues in virgin olive oil was performed in order to study the centrifugation efficiency to obtain high recovery yield and low co‐extract fat residue in the final extract. Different suitable parameters of MSPD procedure were evaluated, such as nature of dispersing phase, clean‐up adsorbent, and volume of eluting solvent (acetonitrile) in different extraction conditions, with or without sonication. The best results were obtained using 5 g of virgin olive oil, 2 g of PSA as dispersant sorbent, 2 g of Florisil/GCB (70:30 w/w) as clean‐up sorbent, and 15 mL of acetonitrile as eluting solvent under conditions of 15 min ultrasonic bath at RT. Method validation was performed in order to study sensitivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. Average recoveries ranged between 73.7 and 104.2% with relative SDs 5.3–13.4% at three concentration levels (25, 50, and 100 µg/kg). Detection and quantification limits ranged from 1.5 to 5 µg/kg and 3 to 9 µg/kg, respectively. 相似文献
66.
Fadi M Aramouni Mahmoud H Abu‐Ghoush 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2011,91(1):44-51
BACKGROUND: Health and wellness is a trend observed throughout ready‐to‐eat cereals, cereal health bars. Therefore, the main objectives of this research were to produce a low cost, acceptable, nutritious and healthy wheat‐ and soy‐based bar under no‐bake conditions. Also, the physical, chemical, microbial, acceptability and the nutritional value of this product were studied. Six different bars were produced: a wheat bar (WB), a wheat bar with coating (WBC), a wheat and soy bar with coating (WSBC), a soy bar with coating (SBC), a wheat bar with 3% glycerin (WB3%), and a wheat bar with 6% glycerine (WB6%). RESULTS: WB and WBC had the highest water activities while WSBC had the lowest. The three bars with coating had higher L and lower b values, which indicates that they were lighter and not as highly yellow coloured as the wheat samples. WSBC had the lowest value for hardness while the SBC and WBC had the highest. SBC received the highest scores for overall acceptability, appearance, sweetness, flavour and texture while WSBC received the second highest score in all categories. CONCLUSION: It appears that consumers prefer the soy varieties to the wheat bars. These types of bars can aid in feeding the general population, which is becoming increasingly concerned with nutrition and convenience. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
67.
Mika Kettunen Adnan S Abu‐Surrah Timo Repo Markku Leskel 《Polymer International》2001,50(11):1223-1227
Synthesis of functional aliphatic polyketones was achieved by co‐ and terpolymerization of the strained exo‐methylenecycloalkane, methylenecyclopropane (MCP), and also the dienes 1,5‐hexadiene, 1,7‐octadiene and 1,6‐heptadien‐4‐ol, with carbon monoxide and propene, using the dicationic palladium(II) phosphine complex [Pd(dppp) (NCCH3)2](BF4)2 (I) (dppp is 1,3‐bis(diphenyl‐phosphino)propane) as the catalyst precursor. The resulting MCP/CO copolymer contains both ring‐opened and cyclic microstructures. Ring‐opening copolymerization yields exo‐methylene functionalized polyketone. In contrast to hexadiene/carbon monoxide copolymer (Hx/CO), no ring structures were observed in the alternating octadiene/carbon monoxide (Oc/CO) and heptadien‐4‐ol/carbon monoxide (Hp‐ol/CO) copolymers. The remaining double bonds were left intact to yield polymers with olefinic functionalities in the side chains. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
68.
Abu Syed H. Kabir Xinjin Cao Javad Gholipour Priti Wanjara Jonathan Cuddy Anand Birur Mamoun Medraj 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2012,43(11):4171-4184
The effects of postweld heat treatment (PWHT) on 3.2-mm- and 5.1-mm-thick Ti-6Al-4V butt joints welded using a continuous wave (CW) 4-kW Nd:YAG laser welding machine were investigated in terms of microstructural transformations, welding defects, and hardness, as well as global and local tensile properties. Two postweld heat treatments, i.e., stress-relief annealing (SRA) and solution heat treatment followed by aging (STA), were performed and the weld qualities were compared with the as-welded condition. A digital image correlation technique was used to determine the global tensile behavior for the transverse welding samples. The local tensile properties including yield strength and maximum strain were determined, for the first time, for the laser-welded Ti-6Al-4V. The mechanical properties, including hardness and the global and local tensile properties, were correlated to the microstructure and defects in the as-welded, SRA, and STA conditions. 相似文献
69.
M. Abdul Mujeebu M.Z. Abdullah M.Z. Abu Bakar A.A. Mohamad M.K. Abdullah 《Progress in Energy and Combustion Science》2009
Utilization of a porous medium for combustion of liquid fuels is proved to be a promising approach for future applications. The porous medium burner for liquid fuels is more advantageous than the conventional open spray flame burner for several reasons; these include enhanced evaporation of droplet spray owing to regenerative combustion characteristics, low emission of pollutants, high combustion intensity with moderate turn-down ratio and compactness. This article provides a comprehensive picture of the global scenario of research and developments in combustion of liquid fuels within a porous medium that enable a researcher to determine the direction of further investigation. Accordingly, a glossary of the important terminology, the modeling approach, advances in numerical and experimental works and applications are included. The papers published in standard journals are reviewed and summarized with relevant comments and suggestions for future work. 相似文献
70.
ElShazali Ahmed Mohamed Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed Abu ElGasim A. Yagoub Elfadil E. Babiker 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2010,45(5):906-912
The present work describes radiation‐induced effects during storage on total protein and amino acids composition of raw and processed flour of two pearl millet cultivars (Ashana and Dembi). The protein content of the whole raw flour was 14.46% and 13.38% for Ashana and Dembi cultivars, respectively. Dehulling of the grains reduced the protein content to 13.38% and 12.67% for the cultivars, respectively. Storage of the radiated whole and dehulled flour for 60 days slightly reduced the protein content even after cooking. The effect of radiation process in combination with the treatments applied to the grains and/or flour on amino acids contents was found to be varying between the cultivars. Most of the amino acids were stable against all treatments except leucine, glutamic acid and phenylalanine. Regardless of the storage period and processing method, amino acid contents of Ashana cultivar were increased after radiation process compared to that of Dembi cultivar. 相似文献